發(fā)布時間：2019-06-21 20:52

【摘要】：當前，一個國家的治理方針、理念、方式、方法，通過治理所取得的成果，都與制度的架構息息相關。理論界普遍認為，制度對權力的限制與對權利的保護，是提高國家治理水平的可靠保障，也是推進國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化的必然要求，并且對國家治理下的制度改革與創(chuàng)新起到了積極的推動作用。因此，許多專家、學者，都對國家治理視域下的制度架構問題開展立體式分析和結構性研究，以尋求理論突破進而對國家治理水平的提高和制度的合理安排提供可靠的理論指導。當前，許多國家特別是廣大發(fā)展中國家在經(jīng)歷了一段高速發(fā)展期之后，急需完善制度架構體系以求提高國家治理水平。這也客觀的解釋了制度的合理化、科學化架構對國家治理水平提高與創(chuàng)新有著重要的意義。因此，相關理論研究者，要敏銳地把握該領域的發(fā)展脈絡、研究方向，在原有理論的基礎上有創(chuàng)新、有所突破、有所作為。 本文共分為五個部分,分別為:制度與人的相關原理、制度功能的社會效應、制度架構的微觀基礎、制度變遷的路徑走向、制度設計的戰(zhàn)略要求。全文從研究理論平臺的構建到開展對國家治理視域下的制度架構研究，力求從微觀到宏觀、從局部到整體、從單一到立體的研究和把握該問題并得出相應的理論成果。 第一部分，制度與人的相關原理。人類社會發(fā)展與變遷的過程中,人與制度始終相伴相行，歷史經(jīng)驗表明，沒有制度的發(fā)展與完善就沒有人類的繁榮與進步。該部分從人的偏好入手，進而對人的屬性（“政治人”、“經(jīng)濟人”）、群體特征等進行論述，構建起本文的基本研究框架,為下文提供理論演繹的邏輯起點。 第二部分，制度功能的社會效應。該部分從制度實現(xiàn)的基本功能、價值效應及基本要素等問題進行研究和論述。首先是從實現(xiàn)功能的角度對制度進行剖析,其次是研究制度的價值核心,既制度公平與正義，，最后落腳于制度的價值效應,得出制度功能發(fā)揮的越充分，制度的價值效應就越明顯的結論。 第三部分，制度架構的微觀基礎。該部分從制度架構的物質前提、制度架構中的利益要素、微觀基礎利益運作機制等三方面內(nèi)容。該部分從人的生存需求作為人獲取利益的起點和基本動機。點明制度架構形成的必要前提是利益分配，并給出了所包含的具體內(nèi)容如：利益結構關系、利益主體等內(nèi)容最終構建出利益運作的相關機制。 第四部分，制度變遷的路徑走向。制度的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展始終處于一個動態(tài)平衡的狀態(tài)中，制度在此狀態(tài)下的不斷調(diào)適成為必然。本章節(jié)主要對制度變遷的原因、過程及影響，分別進行研究，力求把制度變遷的整個過程動態(tài)化的表現(xiàn)出來，使其結構化、立體化。 第五部分，制度設計的戰(zhàn)略要求。制度問題研究，最終還是要為國家治理體系的發(fā)展、創(chuàng)新，提供支持。本章節(jié)從理論上對前問部分進行必要的總結和升華，進而聯(lián)系到當今中國社會的制度發(fā)展，理論與現(xiàn)實相結合，為現(xiàn)實提供一定的理論參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:At present, the governance principles, ideas, ways and methods of a country are closely related to the structure of the system through the results achieved through the governance. It is widely believed that the limitation of the system and the protection of the rights is a reliable guarantee for the improvement of the level of the national governance, and it is an inevitable requirement for the modernization of the national governance system and the governance ability, and has played an active role in the reform and innovation of the system under the national governance. Therefore, many experts and scholars have three-dimensional analysis and structural research on the institutional framework of the national governance, so as to seek the theoretical breakthrough and provide a reliable theoretical guidance for the improvement of the national governance level and the rational arrangement of the system. At present, after a period of high-speed development, many countries, especially the vast majority of developing countries, need to improve the institutional framework system to improve the level of national governance. This also objectively explains the rationalization of the system, and the scientific structure is of great significance to the improvement and innovation of the level of national governance. Therefore, the relevant theoretical researchers should be sensitive to the development of the field, the research direction, the innovation on the basis of the original theory, and make a difference. This paper is divided into five parts: the system and the people's related principle, the social effect of the system function, the micro-foundation of the system structure, the path of the system change and the strategy of the system design. The paper, from the construction of the research theory platform to the research of the system structure under the view of the national governance, tries to study and grasp the problem from the micro to the macro, from the local to the whole, from the single to the three-dimensional, and to get the corresponding theory. The first part, the system and the person's phase In the process of the development and change of human society, the people and the system always go along with each other, and the historical experience shows that there is no human prosperity without the development and perfection of the system This part starts with the people's preference, and then discusses the human's attributes ("political person", "economic man"), group characteristics and so on, and builds the basic research framework of this paper and provides the theoretical deduction for the following. The second part, the system function The social effect of this part from the basic function, the value effect and the basic elements of the system realization. The first part is to analyze the system from the angle of the realization of the function, and the second is the value core of the research system, not only the system fairness and the justice, but also the value effect of the system, and the more sufficient the system function, the more the value effect of the system A clear conclusion. The third part, the system The micro-foundation of the structure. The part is from the material premise of the system structure, the benefit element in the system structure, the micro-base benefit operation machine, The part of a person's survival needs as a person's gain. The necessary premise of the formation of the point-to-point system is the distribution of interests, and the content of the content such as the relationship of interest structure and the main body of interest is finally built. The relevant mechanisms of the operation. Part IV, The path of the system changes. The emergence and development of the system is always in a dynamic equilibrium state, and the system is in this state This chapter mainly studies the cause, process and influence of institutional change, and tries to make the whole process of the system change dynamically. To make it structured, stereoscopically. The strategic requirements of the system design, the research of the system, and finally the national governance system In this chapter, it is necessary to sum up and sublimate the former question, and then contact the system development, theory and reality of the Chinese society.
【學位授予單位】：中共吉林省委黨校
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D630

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本文編號：2504342