我國(guó)殘疾人田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員隊(duì)伍發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-10 07:32
【摘要】：殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)最早是從康復(fù)治療開始的。二戰(zhàn)后世界各國(guó)都有大批傷兵,他們通過(guò)自發(fā)組織各種方式的體育鍛煉和比賽,進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)后身體的康復(fù),這就是現(xiàn)代殘疾人體育的雛形。殘疾人體育如今已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代奧林匹克必不可少的組成部分,是全世界關(guān)注殘疾人事業(yè)和殘疾人發(fā)展的重要窗口,也是衡量一國(guó)體育事業(yè)發(fā)展水平的重要指標(biāo),因此對(duì)于殘疾人體育的研究,尤其是各個(gè)項(xiàng)目競(jìng)技體育方面的研究就顯得尤為重要。田徑項(xiàng)目作為殘疾人競(jìng)技體育的重要組成部分,近幾年得到了迅猛的發(fā)展。然而,在取得令人矚目的成績(jī)的同時(shí),我國(guó)殘疾人田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員隊(duì)伍也面臨著很多問(wèn)題和前所未有的挑戰(zhàn),本文旨在全面了解我國(guó)殘疾人田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員隊(duì)伍發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,找出制約殘疾人田徑項(xiàng)目發(fā)展的不利因素,并提出建議和對(duì)策,為我國(guó)殘疾人田徑項(xiàng)目的良性發(fā)展提供一定的參考。論文通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)資料法、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法、實(shí)地考察法、專家訪談法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法對(duì)我國(guó)殘疾人田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員性別、年齡、地域結(jié)構(gòu)、傷殘類型等基本情況;訓(xùn)練動(dòng)機(jī)、訓(xùn)練安排等訓(xùn)練情況;集訓(xùn)時(shí)間、參賽次數(shù)等比賽情況;經(jīng)費(fèi)保障、科研因素等管理情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,得出以下結(jié)果:1、我國(guó)殘疾人田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員男女比例顯著失衡,比例接近2:1。2、我國(guó)殘疾人田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員年齡結(jié)構(gòu)偏大較為嚴(yán)重,26歲以上年齡段占53.61%。3、我國(guó)殘疾人田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員來(lái)自城鎮(zhèn)家庭的為58%,多于來(lái)自農(nóng)村的,目前遼寧省殘疾人田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員人數(shù)最多。4、我國(guó)殘疾人田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員總體學(xué)歷在高中水平以下,達(dá)到大學(xué)及以上的不到總數(shù)的20%。5、田徑項(xiàng)目開展較好的省市保持全年訓(xùn)練的運(yùn)動(dòng)員僅為44%,其余均為賽前集中訓(xùn)練,訓(xùn)練時(shí)間短,參賽機(jī)會(huì)少,科研及社會(huì)保障力度不足。通過(guò)系統(tǒng)梳理我國(guó)殘疾人田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員隊(duì)伍的現(xiàn)狀,得出以下結(jié)論:1、廣東、江蘇、浙江、遼寧、河北等省市受經(jīng)費(fèi)投入、人員、物資保障以及運(yùn)動(dòng)員訓(xùn)練規(guī)模、開展優(yōu)勢(shì)項(xiàng)目的影響,殘疾人田徑項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)較為突出。2、殘疾人田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)員隊(duì)伍未形成一個(gè)合理的梯隊(duì)建設(shè)布局,選材途徑單一,且具有較大的偶然性和被動(dòng)性。3、教練員多為退休和兼職人員,年齡較大,不固定。4、運(yùn)動(dòng)員訓(xùn)練缺乏長(zhǎng)期性、系統(tǒng)性、持效性,訓(xùn)練時(shí)間短,參賽次數(shù)較少。5、現(xiàn)有的訓(xùn)練場(chǎng)地、設(shè)施、經(jīng)費(fèi)保障不足,運(yùn)動(dòng)員退役后的社會(huì)保障欠缺。
[Abstract]:The disability movement began with rehabilitation. After World War II, there are a large number of wounded soldiers in the world. They organize various kinds of physical exercises and competitions spontaneously, which is the embryonic form of modern disabled sports. Nowadays, sport for the disabled has become an indispensable part of the modern Olympic Games, an important window for the world to pay close attention to the cause and development of the disabled, and an important indicator to measure the level of development of a country's sports cause. Therefore, the research of the disabled sports, especially the research of competitive sports, is particularly important. Track and field events as an important part of the disabled competitive sports, has been rapid development in recent years. However, at the same time, the Chinese disabled track and field athletes are faced with many problems and unprecedented challenges. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively understand the current situation of the development of the disabled track and field athletes in our country. This paper finds out the unfavorable factors restricting the development of track and field events for the disabled, and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to provide some references for the benign development of track and field events for the disabled in China. Through the methods of literature, questionnaire, field investigation, expert interview and mathematical statistics, this paper analyzes the basic situation of disabled track and field athletes in China, such as gender, age, regional structure, disability type and so on. Training motivation, training arrangements and so on; The following results are obtained: 1. The proportion of male and female athletes with disabilities in track and field in China is significantly out of balance, and the ratio is close to 2: 1.2. The age structure of disabled track and field athletes in China is relatively large. The age group above 26 years old accounts for 53.61.3. the number of disabled track and field athletes coming from urban families is 58, more than that from rural areas. At present, Liaoning Province has the largest number of disabled track and field athletes. 4. The total educational background of disabled track and field athletes in China is below the high school level, reaching less than 20.5% of the total number of college athletes and above. In the provinces and cities where track and field events were carried out, only 44 athletes were trained throughout the year, while the rest were concentrated training before the competition, with short training time, less opportunities for participation, and insufficient scientific research and social security. By systematically combing the current situation of track and field athletes with disabilities in China, we can draw the following conclusions: 1. Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Hebei and other provinces and cities are supported by funds, personnel, materials and training scale. Under the influence of developing advantage events, the sports achievements of disabled track and field events are more outstanding. 2. The disabled track and field athletes have not formed a reasonable echelon construction layout, the way of selecting material is single, and it has greater chance and passivity. The coaches are mostly retired and part-time personnel, older and not fixed. 4. Athletes lack long-term training, systematic, effective, short training time, less number of entries. The existing training sites, facilities, and financial support are insufficient. Athletes retired after the lack of social security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G82
本文編號(hào)：2370203
[Abstract]:The disability movement began with rehabilitation. After World War II, there are a large number of wounded soldiers in the world. They organize various kinds of physical exercises and competitions spontaneously, which is the embryonic form of modern disabled sports. Nowadays, sport for the disabled has become an indispensable part of the modern Olympic Games, an important window for the world to pay close attention to the cause and development of the disabled, and an important indicator to measure the level of development of a country's sports cause. Therefore, the research of the disabled sports, especially the research of competitive sports, is particularly important. Track and field events as an important part of the disabled competitive sports, has been rapid development in recent years. However, at the same time, the Chinese disabled track and field athletes are faced with many problems and unprecedented challenges. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively understand the current situation of the development of the disabled track and field athletes in our country. This paper finds out the unfavorable factors restricting the development of track and field events for the disabled, and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to provide some references for the benign development of track and field events for the disabled in China. Through the methods of literature, questionnaire, field investigation, expert interview and mathematical statistics, this paper analyzes the basic situation of disabled track and field athletes in China, such as gender, age, regional structure, disability type and so on. Training motivation, training arrangements and so on; The following results are obtained: 1. The proportion of male and female athletes with disabilities in track and field in China is significantly out of balance, and the ratio is close to 2: 1.2. The age structure of disabled track and field athletes in China is relatively large. The age group above 26 years old accounts for 53.61.3. the number of disabled track and field athletes coming from urban families is 58, more than that from rural areas. At present, Liaoning Province has the largest number of disabled track and field athletes. 4. The total educational background of disabled track and field athletes in China is below the high school level, reaching less than 20.5% of the total number of college athletes and above. In the provinces and cities where track and field events were carried out, only 44 athletes were trained throughout the year, while the rest were concentrated training before the competition, with short training time, less opportunities for participation, and insufficient scientific research and social security. By systematically combing the current situation of track and field athletes with disabilities in China, we can draw the following conclusions: 1. Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Hebei and other provinces and cities are supported by funds, personnel, materials and training scale. Under the influence of developing advantage events, the sports achievements of disabled track and field events are more outstanding. 2. The disabled track and field athletes have not formed a reasonable echelon construction layout, the way of selecting material is single, and it has greater chance and passivity. The coaches are mostly retired and part-time personnel, older and not fixed. 4. Athletes lack long-term training, systematic, effective, short training time, less number of entries. The existing training sites, facilities, and financial support are insufficient. Athletes retired after the lack of social security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G82
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，本文編號(hào)：2370203
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