發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-21 15:19

  本文選題：地塊 + 尺度��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：油菜是長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū)的主要越冬作物之一,在我國(guó)糧油生產(chǎn)中占有重要地位。但由于該地區(qū)春季濕潤(rùn)多雨,導(dǎo)致油菜在春季經(jīng)常遭受大面積的濕漬害,造成嚴(yán)重的產(chǎn)量損失。以往人們獲取數(shù)據(jù)大多通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析以及田間調(diào)查、測(cè)量的方法。然而這些方法收集數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)效性較差,收集大尺度數(shù)據(jù)比較困難。近年來(lái),隨著衛(wèi)星通信技術(shù)、空間定位技術(shù)、遙感技術(shù)和地理信息系統(tǒng)等對(duì)地觀(guān)測(cè)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展和地球環(huán)境變化的加劇,人們對(duì)衛(wèi)星遙感數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量和數(shù)量的要求在不斷提高。在農(nóng)業(yè)遙感應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,用于農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)情況的監(jiān)測(cè)與分析、病蟲(chóng)害的預(yù)測(cè)以及農(nóng)作物的估產(chǎn)更是對(duì)高時(shí)間、高空間分辨率遙感影像的使用提出了極高的要求。本研究基于高分辨率多源多時(shí)相遙感衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù),以試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),準(zhǔn)確獲取了濕漬害脅迫下油菜的生長(zhǎng)信息,利用多種回歸模型估算了濕漬害脅迫下的油菜生長(zhǎng)狀況,并制作油菜長(zhǎng)勢(shì)監(jiān)測(cè)動(dòng)態(tài)圖,最后,對(duì)濕漬害脅迫下油菜的生長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行一定的定性分析和定量研究。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)通過(guò)開(kāi)展盆栽控制試驗(yàn)研究了油菜苗期和開(kāi)花期濕漬害脅迫對(duì)生物量、葉面積和產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:在油菜苗期、開(kāi)花期內(nèi)受濕漬害脅迫,都會(huì)對(duì)油菜生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)生影響,且開(kāi)花期油菜對(duì)濕漬害的反應(yīng)比苗期更為敏感。在油菜苗期受濕漬害水分脅迫超過(guò)15天、開(kāi)花期超過(guò)10天時(shí),會(huì)對(duì)油菜的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育產(chǎn)生顯著性影響。因而在油菜生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過(guò)程中,尤其是在開(kāi)花期,應(yīng)該及時(shí)進(jìn)行排漬工作,從而減輕濕漬害水分脅迫對(duì)油菜生長(zhǎng)的影響。(2)開(kāi)展田間試驗(yàn),分別在油菜苗期、開(kāi)花期進(jìn)行20天的不同濕漬害水分脅迫處理,同時(shí)進(jìn)行星地同步觀(guān)測(cè),將田間測(cè)量的LAI與從高分辨率衛(wèi)星遙感數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算得到的植被指數(shù)進(jìn)行指數(shù)建模,來(lái)模擬油菜開(kāi)花期前的LAI生長(zhǎng)變化,檢驗(yàn)表明GNDVI-LAI指數(shù)回歸模型的建模效果最好,其驗(yàn)證精度最高。之后用GNDVI-LAI指數(shù)回歸模型繪制油菜季節(jié)性長(zhǎng)勢(shì)監(jiān)測(cè)動(dòng)態(tài)圖。(3)在油菜的苗期、開(kāi)花期、角果期三個(gè)時(shí)期分別進(jìn)行不同濕漬害處理的田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn),同時(shí)進(jìn)行星地同步觀(guān)測(cè)。同時(shí)建立了五種回歸模型,并使用最優(yōu)回歸模型來(lái)估算冬油菜的AGB,結(jié)果表明,NDVI和AGB建立的冪函數(shù)回歸模型結(jié)果最好,其中建模R~2為0.75,驗(yàn)證指標(biāo)RMSE為100.45 g/m2,rRMSE為20%。然后繪制油菜AGB季節(jié)性生長(zhǎng)圖,研究分析濕漬害脅迫下的油菜AGB的變異性,并對(duì)濕漬害脅迫下油菜的生長(zhǎng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),說(shuō)明高分辨率遙感數(shù)據(jù)能很好地反應(yīng)出不同濕漬害脅迫處理在油菜不同生育期的生長(zhǎng)差異,且結(jié)果與本研究中第二章盆栽控制試驗(yàn)結(jié)果較為一致,濕漬害脅迫對(duì)油菜生長(zhǎng)的影響開(kāi)花期大于苗期,淹水處理大于漬水處理。
[Abstract]:Rape is one of the main winter crops in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and plays an important role in the production of grain and oil in China. However, because of the wet and rainy spring in this area, rapeseed is often subjected to a large area of wet damage in spring, resulting in a serious loss of yield. In the past, most of the data were obtained by laboratory analysis and field survey. However, these methods are not effective in collecting data, and it is difficult to collect large scale data. In recent years, with the rapid development of earth observation technology, such as satellite communication technology, space positioning technology, remote sensing technology and geographic information system, and the aggravation of the Earth environment, the quality and quantity of satellite remote sensing data have been increasing. In the field of agricultural remote sensing application, the application of crop growth monitoring and analysis, the prediction of pests and diseases and the estimation of crop yield have put forward very high requirements for the use of high-time and high-spatial resolution remote sensing images. Based on high-resolution multi-source and multi-temporal remote sensing satellite data and experimental data, the growth information of rapeseed under wet waterlogging stress was obtained accurately, and the growth status of rape under wet waterlogging stress was estimated by multiple regression models. The dynamic map of rapeseed growth monitoring was made. Finally, the growth of rape under wet waterlogging stress was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the effects of wet waterlogging stress on biomass, leaf area and yield of rapeseed at seedling and flowering stage were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that the growth and yield of rapeseed were affected by the stress of wet waterlogging in flowering stage and seedling stage, and the response of rape in flowering stage was more sensitive than that in seedling stage. The growth and development of rapeseed were significantly affected by moisture stress for more than 15 days and flowering for more than 10 days at seedling stage. Therefore, in the process of rape growth and development, especially in the flowering period, it is necessary to carry out the soaking work in time, so as to reduce the effect of moisture stress on the growth of rapeseed, and carry out field experiments, respectively, at the seedling stage of rapeseed. After 20 days of water stress treatment with different wetting damage in flowering period, the LAI measured in the field and vegetation index calculated from high resolution satellite remote sensing data were modeled exponentially by simultaneous observation of satellite and ground. To simulate the change of LAI growth before flowering period of rapeseed, the test shows that the modeling effect of GNDVI-LAI index regression model is the best, and the accuracy of verification is the highest. Then the dynamic map of seasonal growth monitoring of rape was plotted by GNDVI-LAI index regression model. The plot experiments were carried out in three stages of rape seedling, flowering and pod respectively, and the field experiments were carried out simultaneously. At the same time, satellite and ground synchronous observation was carried out. At the same time, five regression models were established, and the optimal regression model was used to estimate the AGBs of winter rapeseed. The results showed that the power function regression model established by AGB and AGB was the best, in which the model RN-2 was 0.75, and the verification index RMSE was 100.45 g / m2 rRMSE was 20g / m ~ (-1). Then the seasonal growth map of rape AGB was drawn, and the variation of AGB in rape under wet waterlogging stress was analyzed, and the growth of rape under wet waterlogging stress was monitored. The results showed that the high resolution remote sensing data could well reflect the growth difference of rape under different wet waterlogging stress, and the results were consistent with the results of pot experiment in the second chapter of this study. The effect of wet waterlogging stress on rape growth was greater in flowering stage than in seedling stage and in flooding treatment than in waterlogging treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S565.4;S127;S422

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