發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-27 19:56

  本文選題：岷山蟾蜍 + 身體大小��； 參考：《信陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：生物的身體大小一直受到生物學(xué)家的關(guān)注,因?yàn)樗�與物種自身的生理性狀和生態(tài)特征包括代謝率、發(fā)育時(shí)間、繁殖投入、繁殖力、壽命和遷移能力等有著密切的聯(lián)系。此外,身體大小對(duì)物種之間的聯(lián)系和群落格局的形成也能產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。而且,不同種群之間的身體大小預(yù)示著該物種對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境條件的適應(yīng)性。本研究以青藏高原特有物種岷山蟾蜍為研究對(duì)象,探究其生活史特征中身體大小與海拔高度的關(guān)系,從而揭示兩棲動(dòng)物身體大小海拔變異的機(jī)制,以便采取有效的保護(hù)。岷山蟾蜍生活在海拔1700-3700 m的青藏高原東部邊緣區(qū)域。通常于每年3月中旬開始繁殖,屬于爆發(fā)式繁殖。該物種生活環(huán)境之間的海拔差異,導(dǎo)致不同種群經(jīng)歷的生態(tài)條件差異顯著,為檢驗(yàn)生態(tài)壓力與身體大小的關(guān)系提供了機(jī)會(huì)。由于海拔3000 m以下的棲息地受到人為干擾十分嚴(yán)重,調(diào)查中只發(fā)現(xiàn)極少數(shù)的繁殖個(gè)體,樣本量不足5只/繁殖點(diǎn),因此本文主要從海拔3000m以上區(qū)域選取岷山蟾蜍主要分布的6個(gè)研究點(diǎn)(3027 m、3221 m、3230 m、3443 m、3447 m和3448 m)的地理種群,包括尕海-則岔國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)的五個(gè)研究點(diǎn),以及四川若爾蓋縣紅星鄉(xiāng)1個(gè)。通過(guò)分析岷山蟾蜍的身體大小發(fā)現(xiàn),它們遵循貝格曼規(guī)律,即身體大小隨著海拔的升高而增大;相同海拔種群內(nèi)的兩性個(gè)體的體長(zhǎng)與年齡也存在差異,即雌性個(gè)體身體大小和平均年齡大于雄性。海拔明顯影響岷山蟾蜍的性成熟年齡,最高海拔種群性成熟年齡大于最低海拔種群。此外,海拔也影響壽命,表現(xiàn)出海拔越高,其性成熟年齡和壽命越大,這可能與不同種群棲息地的溫度和天敵壓力有關(guān)。基于von Bertalanffy生長(zhǎng)模型,兩棲動(dòng)物成體的身體大小由年齡、生長(zhǎng)率及變態(tài)大小三方面的因素控制,且這三方面的生活史特征隨著環(huán)境溫度和季節(jié)長(zhǎng)度的改變遵循一定的規(guī)律。對(duì)于大多數(shù)遵循貝格曼規(guī)律的兩棲動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō),年齡對(duì)身體大小的影響超過(guò)了生長(zhǎng)率的作用,然而該物種兩性的生長(zhǎng)率隨著海拔的升高明顯增大,即生長(zhǎng)率對(duì)身體大小的影響超過(guò)了年齡的作用,這與前人的研究結(jié)果是不一致的。經(jīng)過(guò)分析,我們認(rèn)為低溫導(dǎo)致種群生長(zhǎng)率變大是引起該物種身體大小海拔變異的一個(gè)首要因素,其次是低溫導(dǎo)致種群的性成熟年齡和壽命增大也是一個(gè)較為重要的原因。此外,除了溫度,濕度和水可用性也可能影響生物身體大小的海拔變異。
[Abstract]:Biological body size has been concerned by biologists because it is closely related to the physiological and ecological characteristics of the species, including metabolic rate, developmental time, reproductive input, fecundity, longevity and migration ability. In addition, body size can also have a profound impact on the relationship between species and the formation of community patterns. Moreover, the body size of different populations indicates the species' adaptability to local environmental conditions. In this study, Minshan toad, a special species in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, was studied to explore the relationship between body size and altitude in its life history, so as to reveal the mechanism of altitude variation of amphibian body size in order to take effective protection. Minshan toad lives in the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an altitude of 1700-3700 m. Reproduction usually begins in mid-March of each year and is explosive. The difference of altitude between the living environment of this species leads to significant differences in the ecological conditions experienced by different populations, which provides an opportunity to test the relationship between ecological stress and body size. Because the habitat below 3000 m above sea level was seriously disturbed by human beings, only a few breeding individuals were found in the investigation, and the sample size was less than 5 / breeding sites. Therefore, this paper mainly selects the geographic population of Minshan toad from above 3000m, including five research sites of Gahai-tacha National Nature Reserve, which are 3 027 mU 3221 mU 3230 mU 3443 m 3447 m and 3448 m). As well as Ruoergai County, Sichuan Red Star Township 1. By analyzing the body size of toad in Minshan Mountain, it was found that they follow the Begman's law, that is, the body size increases with the increase of altitude, and the body length and age of both sexes in the same population at the same altitude are also different. That is, the body size and average age of female individuals are larger than that of males. The age of sexual maturation of toad in Minshan Mountain was significantly influenced by altitude, and the age of sexual maturation of the highest population was greater than that of the lowest one. In addition, altitude also affects life span, showing that the higher the altitude, the longer the age and longevity of sexual maturity, which may be related to the temperature and natural enemy pressure of different populations. Based on the von Bertalanffy growth model, the body size of amphibian adults is controlled by three factors: age, growth rate and metamorphosis, and the life history characteristics of these three aspects follow certain rules with the change of environmental temperature and seasonal length. For most amphibians who follow the Bergman pattern, age affects body size more than growth rate, but the gender growth rate of the species increases significantly with elevation. The effect of growth rate on body size exceeds that of age, which is inconsistent with previous studies. Through analysis, we think that the increase of population growth rate caused by low temperature is one of the most important factors that cause the variation of body size of this species at sea level, followed by the increase of sexual maturity age and longevity of the population caused by low temperature. In addition, temperature, humidity and water availability may also affect biological body size variations in altitude.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：信陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q958

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