卓資縣退化土地三種植被恢復(fù)模式及生態(tài)效應(yīng)分析
本文選題:卓資縣 + 退化土地; 參考:《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:內(nèi)蒙古是我國北方重要的生態(tài)屏障,也是我國土地退化比較嚴(yán)重的省區(qū)之一。植被生態(tài)恢復(fù)技術(shù)是解決退化土地的重要途徑。本研究采用植被生態(tài)調(diào)查法、綜合指數(shù)法、熵值法等分析總結(jié)了卓資縣三種植被恢復(fù)模式及其所產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)效應(yīng),構(gòu)建評價指標(biāo)體系,進(jìn)而對該地區(qū)退化土地的植被恢復(fù)情況進(jìn)行科學(xué)定量的評價,為退化土地植被恢復(fù)提供數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)和科學(xué)依據(jù)。通過研究主要得到以下結(jié)論:1.灌木林營造模式實(shí)施后,檸條長勢良好。豐富度、均勻度等物種多樣性指數(shù)呈增長趨勢,優(yōu)勢度指數(shù)降低,植被由3種增加到8種。林內(nèi)下墊面粗糙度增大2.292cm,降低風(fēng)速,80cm處防風(fēng)效能由21.18%增加到38.16%。對氣候調(diào)控作用明顯,地表溫度、空氣溫度得到有效控制,空氣濕度增加,且差異顯著(P0.05)。土壤容重降低、孔隙度、養(yǎng)分含量增加,差異顯著(P0.05)。2.喬木栽植模式實(shí)施后,樟子松長勢良好,平均高度達(dá)到了 2.4m,平均胸徑26.3cm,平均冠幅也有2.37×2.55m,蓋度60%以上,成活率75%。物種多樣性指數(shù)均有不同程度提高,物種優(yōu)勢度降低,林內(nèi)植被群落由簡單變得更為復(fù)雜,植被增加6種。風(fēng)速得到有效控制,200cm防風(fēng)效能為30.06%,地表與空氣溫濕度得到有效緩和,差異顯著(P0.05)。土壤容重減小,孔隙度增大,土壤養(yǎng)分含量增加效果明顯,差異顯著(PO.O5)。3.封育模式實(shí)施后,封育區(qū)內(nèi)植被蓋度、生物量、高度、密度等指標(biāo)均有明顯提高。均勻度、豐富度指數(shù)提高,生態(tài)優(yōu)勢度降低,群落結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜,植被增加6種。封育區(qū)地表粗糙度增加2.111cm,200cm處防風(fēng)效能為23.73%,風(fēng)速得到有效控制。地表溫度、空氣溫濕度得到有效緩解,差異顯著(P0.05)。土壤容重減小,孔隙度增大,土壤各養(yǎng)分含量提高,差異顯著(P0.05)。4.建立了指標(biāo)體系,三種模式中要素層4個指標(biāo)重要性相同;灌木林中以粗糙度(0.4752)最為重要;喬木林中以風(fēng)速(0.4832)最為重要;封育區(qū)以空氣濕度(0.4749)最為重要。權(quán)重系數(shù)越大,在植被恢復(fù)的過程中對其影響就越大,該體系表明所選指標(biāo)與模式區(qū)具有很好的相關(guān)性。綜合生態(tài)效應(yīng)指數(shù)以封育區(qū)最高(2.5683),樟子松喬木林次之,檸條灌木林最差。
[Abstract]:Inner Mongolia is an important ecological barrier in the north of China, and also one of the provinces and regions with serious land degradation. Vegetation ecological restoration technology is an important way to solve the problem of degraded land. In this study, three vegetation restoration models and their ecological effects in Zhuozi County were analyzed and summarized by using vegetation ecological survey method, comprehensive index method and entropy method, and the evaluation index system was constructed. Then the vegetation restoration of degraded land in this area is evaluated scientifically and quantitatively to provide data basis and scientific basis for vegetation restoration of degraded land. Through the research, we can get the following conclusion: 1. After the implementation of shrub, Caragana korshinskii grew well. The diversity index of species such as richness and evenness showed an increasing trend while the dominance index decreased and the vegetation increased from 3 species to 8 species. The roughness of the underlying surface increased 2.292 cm, and the wind resistance increased from 21.18% to 38.16 cm at the wind speed of 80 cm. The surface temperature and air temperature were effectively controlled, and the air humidity increased, and the difference was significant (P 0.05). Soil bulk density decreased, porosity and nutrient content increased, and the difference was significant (P0.05N. 2). After the implementation of Arbor planting model, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica grew well, with an average height of 2.4 m, an average DBH of 26.3 cm, an average crown of 2.37 脳 2.55 m, a coverage of more than 60%, and a survival rate of 7553 cm. The index of species diversity increased to some extent, the dominant degree of species decreased, the vegetation community changed from simple to more complex, and 6 species of vegetation increased. The wind speed was controlled effectively and the windbreak efficiency of 200cm was 30.06, and the temperature and humidity of surface and air were alleviated effectively, and the difference was significant (P 0.05). Soil bulk density decreased, porosity increased, soil nutrient content increased significantly, the difference was significant. The vegetation coverage, biomass, height and density in the fencing area were significantly improved after the implementation of the closure model. Evenness, richness index increased, ecological dominance decreased, community structure became more complex, vegetation increased 6 species. In the closed area, the surface roughness increased by 2.111 cm ~ (-1) and the wind speed was controlled effectively at the wind proof efficiency of 23.73 cm ~ (-1). The surface temperature and air temperature and humidity were effectively alleviated, and the difference was significant (P 0.05). The soil bulk density decreased, the porosity increased, and the nutrient content of the soil increased, the difference was significant (P0.05N. 4). The index system was established, the four indexes of element layer in the three models were the same, the roughness was the most important in the shrub, the wind speed was the most important in the tree forest, and the air humidity was 0.4749) in the fencing area. The greater the weight coefficient, the greater the influence on vegetation restoration. The system shows that the selected index has a good correlation with the model area. The comprehensive ecological effect index was the highest in fencing area, followed by Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Arbor, Caragana korshinskii shrub was the worst.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:Q948
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