發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-03 06:31

  本文選題：項(xiàng)目反應(yīng)理論 + 基本假設(shè)　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,隨著測量學(xué)家的深入研究,項(xiàng)目反應(yīng)理論已日趨成熟,其中以洛德、漢布爾頓的項(xiàng)目反應(yīng)理論最具盛名。迄今為止,IRT還是有許多理論問題尚待解決。比如,人們?nèi)菀装褑尉S性假設(shè)等同于局部獨(dú)立性假設(shè),單維性假設(shè)并不滿足實(shí)際測驗(yàn)中的要求,局部獨(dú)立性假設(shè)為什么要加上“局部”兩字?模型假設(shè)只是為了擬合測驗(yàn)得到的數(shù)據(jù)嗎?IRT僅僅是一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)化的理論嗎?若不是,那它的理論基礎(chǔ)又是什么?本文將會(huì)圍繞這些問題展開討論。杜文久于2014年出版了《高等項(xiàng)目反應(yīng)理論》一書,該書以概率論為工具,對IRT的基本假設(shè)、反應(yīng)模型的理論基礎(chǔ)都作出了詳細(xì)討論,并對IRT中的許多定理、公式進(jìn)行了論證。在《高等項(xiàng)目反應(yīng)理論》中,杜提出了與洛德、漢布爾頓所不同的三條基本假設(shè),因而得到不同的結(jié)論,主要表現(xiàn)在:(1)在保序假設(shè)之下,能力參數(shù)可以被定義,每一個(gè)被賦予數(shù)值的被試的能力參數(shù)具有不變性,被試在各測驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目上的百分位不變,即能力參數(shù)不變。但在洛德、漢布爾頓的IRT中能力參數(shù)只是一個(gè)抽象的概念,僅是一個(gè)描述潛在特質(zhì)的術(shù)語,并沒有量化;(2)包括二參數(shù)模型、三參數(shù)模型、二級評分模型和多級評分模型在內(nèi)的所有項(xiàng)目反應(yīng)模型,都可采用節(jié)點(diǎn)的方法演繹推理得到對應(yīng)的概率分布函數(shù),從而項(xiàng)目反應(yīng)模型就擁有了理論基礎(chǔ)。而在洛德、漢布爾頓的IRT中,所有的項(xiàng)目反應(yīng)模型都只為擬合數(shù)據(jù),缺乏理論基礎(chǔ);(3)當(dāng)項(xiàng)目參數(shù)與能力參數(shù)都未知需要同時(shí)估計(jì)時(shí),其能力參數(shù)估計(jì)值依概率收斂于真值。而洛德、漢布爾頓的項(xiàng)目反應(yīng)理論不具這樣的性質(zhì);(4)杜運(yùn)用演繹的方式對IRT中的定理和公式作了推理論證,得出IRT未來的發(fā)展趨勢是轉(zhuǎn)向演繹化的道路。從總體來看,洛德、漢布爾頓的項(xiàng)目反應(yīng)理論仍表現(xiàn)為經(jīng)驗(yàn)化,缺乏一定的邏輯基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:At present, with the in-depth study of the surveying scientists, the theory of project response has matured, in which the theory of project response of Lord, Han Burton is the most famous. So far, there are many theoretical problems to be solved in IRT. For example, it is easy to equate the single dimension hypothesis to the assumption of local independence, and the single dimension hypothesis is not satisfied with the actual measurement. Why should the hypothesis of local independence add to the "local" character? The model hypothesis is only to fit the data obtained by the test? Is IRT just an empirical theory? If not, what is its theoretical basis? This article will be discussed around these issues. Duwen has published < advanced project for a long time in 2014. In the book of reaction theory, the book, with the theory of probability, discusses the basic hypothesis of IRT, the theoretical basis of the reaction model, and demonstrates many theorems and formulas in IRT. In the higher project reaction theory, Du puts forward three basic assumptions different from Lord, Han Burton, and thus get different conclusions. The main performance is as follows: (1) under the preorder hypothesis, the capacity parameters can be defined, the capacity parameters of each given value are invariable, the percentile of the test on each test item is invariable, that is, the capacity parameter is constant. But the energy parameter in IRT of LOD and Han Burton is only an abstract concept, only a description of the potential. The idiosyncratic terms are not quantified; (2) all project response models, including the two parameter model, the three parameter model, the two grade scoring model and the multilevel scoring model, can be deductive and deductive to the corresponding probability distribution function by the node method, and the project response model has the theoretical basis. In LOD, the IRT of the Han Burton. All of the project response models are only data fitting and lack of theoretical basis. (3) when the parameter and capability parameters of the project are unknown, the estimation of its capability parameters converges to the true value in probability according to the probability. And Lord, the theory of the project reaction of Han Burton does not have such properties; (4) the Du Yunyong deductive way to the theorem in IRT and The formula makes a reasoning and argumentation, and concludes that the future trend of IRT is the road to deduction. In general, the theory of project response of LOD and Han Burton is still experienced and lacks a certain logical basis.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O211

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