發(fā)布時間：2018-05-03 18:13

  本文選題：科爾沁沙地 + 梯級生態(tài)系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《內蒙古農業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以科爾沁流動沙丘A4渦度數據為例,采用二次坐標旋轉法(DR)和平面擬合法(PF)對水熱通量、數據質量對比分析;選取科爾沁沙地梯級生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(流動沙丘-玉米地-草甸地-固定沙丘-半固定沙丘),結合2015年、2016年渦度相關系統(tǒng)實測的蒸散量,利用Shuttleworth-Wallace(S-W)模型對各生態(tài)系統(tǒng)蒸散量模擬分析,并進行適用性評價,得到的主要結論如下:(1)地形平緩區(qū)(180°-330°)垂直風速大于0,β在1.6773°左右;地形陡峭區(qū)(330°-180°)垂直風速小于0,β在-1.6486°左右;二次坐標旋轉法和平面擬合法對潛熱通量影響很大,分別增加17%和減小15%,二次坐標旋轉法訂正前后水熱通量相關性均高于平面擬合法;二次坐標旋轉法和平面擬合法訂正后的數據分別有89.6%和89.3%通過湍流發(fā)展的充分性檢驗;摩擦風速由二次坐標旋轉法訂正前后的相關性高于平面擬合法;能量閉合率分別提高了 3.47%和2.78%;整個生長季中,6、8月訂正后渦度數據質量有較好的提高。因此,二次坐標旋轉法更適用于地面起伏較大的流動沙丘。(2)除流動沙丘外,各生態(tài)系統(tǒng)蒸散量呈明顯的"鐘型"分布,且隨著夏季到秋季的變化,蒸散發(fā)的增強和減弱時間分別由6:00推遲到7:00、由19:00提前到18:00,增加減少的速率大小為玉米地草甸地固定沙丘、半固定沙丘流動沙丘;各站點植被"午休"現象導致蒸散量的減小量大小為固定沙丘、半固定沙丘草甸地玉米地,流動沙丘沒有明顯的植被"午休"現象。整體來說,蒸散量大小為:玉米地草甸地固定沙丘、半固定沙丘流動沙丘;降雨對各生態(tài)系統(tǒng)影響程度不同,在植被旺盛期為玉米地草甸地流動沙丘,在植被枯萎期為半固定沙丘草甸地固定沙丘流動沙丘。影響各生態(tài)系統(tǒng)實際蒸散發(fā)最顯著的氣象因素是Rn,不顯著因素是θ。(3)日尺度上,S-W模型在玉米地的適用性高,流動沙丘則最低;且日尺度模擬精度低于小時尺度;小時尺度上,蒸散量模擬精度受天氣影響,晴天高于陰、雨天,各生態(tài)系統(tǒng)適用性由高到低為:玉米地、草甸地、半固定沙丘、流動沙丘、固定沙丘;影響S-W模型最大的阻力和氣象參數分別是冠層氣孔阻力和凈輻射、葉面積指數,最小的分別是冠層邊界層阻力和土壤含水率;受阻力和氣象參數影響最大的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)分別是草甸地和固定沙丘,最小的分別是半固定沙丘和草甸地。綜上所述,S-W模型在科爾沁沙地中玉米地和草甸地的適用性更好。
[Abstract]:Taking the A4 vorticity data of Horqin flow dune as an example, the water and heat flux and data quality are compared and analyzed by using the quadratic coordinate rotation method (DRD) and the plane fitting method (PFN). The cascade ecosystem (mobile dunes, corn fields, meadow land, fixed dunes and semi-fixed dunes) in Horqin sandy land was selected. Combined with the measured evapotranspiration of the vorticity correlation system in 2015 and 2016, the evapotranspiration of each ecosystem was simulated by Shuttleworth-Wallace-S-Wmodel. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the vertical wind speed is more than 0, 尾 is about 1.6773 擄, the vertical wind speed is less than 0, 尾 is about -1.6486 擄, and the vertical wind speed is less than 0 and 尾 is about -1.6486 擄. The quadratic coordinate rotation method and the plane fitting method have great influence on the latent heat flux, which increases by 17% and decreases by 15%, respectively. The correlation of the water and heat flux before and after revision by the quadratic coordinate rotation method is higher than that by the plane fitting method. 89.6% and 89.3% of the data obtained by the quadratic coordinate rotation method and the plane fitting method have passed the sufficient test of turbulence development, and the correlation of the friction wind speed before and after revision by the quadratic coordinate rotation method is higher than that by the plane fitting method. The energy closure rate increased by 3.47% and 2.78%, respectively, and the quality of vorticity data was improved better after the revised vorticity data in the middle of the growing season in June and August. Therefore, the quadratic coordinate rotation method is more suitable for mobile sand dunes with large surface undulation. Except for mobile sand dunes, the evapotranspiration of each ecosystem shows an obvious "bell" distribution, and changes with the summer to autumn. The increasing and decreasing time of evapotranspiration was delayed from 6:00 to 7: 00 and from 19:00 to 18: 00, respectively. The increasing and decreasing rate was fixed sand dunes in cornfield meadow and moving dunes in semi-fixed sand dunes. The reduction of evapotranspiration was caused by the phenomenon of "lunch break" in the vegetation of each station, the amount of evapotranspiration was reduced to fixed sand dunes, and there was no obvious phenomenon of vegetation "lunch break" in moving dunes in maize fields of semi-fixed sand dunes in meadow land. As a whole, the amount of evapotranspiration is as follows: fixed sand dunes and semi-fixed sand dunes in cornfield meadow; rainfall has different effects on each ecosystem, and in the period of vegetation exuberance, it is moving sand dunes in maize meadow land. In the period of vegetation withering, the moving dunes were fixed in semi-fixed dunes meadow. The most significant meteorological factor affecting the actual evapotranspiration of each ecosystem is Rn, and the non-significant factor is 胃. 3) the applicability of the model is high in cornfields on a daily scale and the lowest in moving dunes, and the accuracy of daily scale simulation is lower than that of a small scale, and the accuracy of daily scale simulation is lower than that of a small scale. The simulation accuracy of evapotranspiration is affected by weather. The applicability of each ecosystem from high to low is: corn field, meadow land, semi-fixed sand dune, mobile sand dune, fixed sand dune; The maximum resistance and meteorological parameters of S-W model were canopy stomatal resistance and net radiation, leaf area index, canopy boundary layer resistance and soil moisture content, respectively. The ecosystems most affected by resistance and meteorological parameters were meadow land and fixed sand dune, and semi-fixed sand dunes and meadow land were the smallest. In conclusion, the S-W model is more suitable for cornfield and meadow in Horqin sandy land.
【學位授予單位】：內蒙古農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q14

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