發(fā)布時間：2018-06-12 04:24

  本文選題：工業(yè)集聚 + 集聚演化��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：改革開放后,在全球化與地方化、信息化與網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,以及我國所經(jīng)歷的分權(quán)化與市場化、工業(yè)化與城鎮(zhèn)化這四組內(nèi)外力量的交織作用下,我國區(qū)域的產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)格局經(jīng)歷了巨大變革。一方面,它促進(jìn)了我國工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚度在時間維度上不斷提升；另一方面,也推動了工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)在空間維度上向東部沿海地區(qū)進(jìn)行集聚。那么,為什么產(chǎn)業(yè)會在時間和空間維度上出現(xiàn)持續(xù)的集聚演化現(xiàn)象?這是論文所要討論的核心問題。與既有文獻(xiàn)所強(qiáng)調(diào)的外部影響因素不同,本研究嘗試從產(chǎn)業(yè)活動的集聚本身尋找其內(nèi)在屬性因素。在進(jìn)行理論回顧與文獻(xiàn)綜述之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)既有研究存在三方面不足：①關(guān)于集聚外部性的研究。既有文獻(xiàn)主要集中于靜態(tài)視角的分析,相對缺乏對其進(jìn)行動態(tài)形式的考察。不同學(xué)者在運(yùn)用不同的研究區(qū)域、研究對象和研究手法時,他們所得出的關(guān)于集聚外部性的結(jié)論存在差異。這種差異形成的原因之一,可能是忽略了集聚外部性本身存在著動態(tài)變化的屬性特征。②關(guān)于集聚演化的研究。雖然相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)已從不同層面、視角對其進(jìn)行理論和實(shí)證分析,但是目前較少有學(xué)者將宏觀、中觀和微觀三個層面的因素結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性地考慮,特別是對于空間尺度和組織尺度等對集聚演化過程和機(jī)制所存在的影響關(guān)注較少。然而,在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中,尺度將影響集聚演化過程和機(jī)制的呈現(xiàn)。③關(guān)于“集聚”與“集群”的研究。有的學(xué)者將兩者進(jìn)行區(qū)別對待,有的學(xué)者則將兩者視為等同,這種在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的模棱兩可,造成學(xué)者們忽略了辯證地看待兩個概念之間所存在的共性與差異。有鑒于此,本研究嘗試在以下三方面進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新與突破。①系統(tǒng)性理論分析框架的構(gòu)建。在理論辨析和概念化的基礎(chǔ)上,提出涵蓋宏觀、中觀和微觀三個層面,并以“兩維度(時間與空間)-兩屬性(尺度與網(wǎng)絡(luò))-三載體(地方、產(chǎn)業(yè)與企業(yè))”為核心的系統(tǒng)性理論分析框架；②考慮尺度對集聚演化的影響。對集聚演化所存在的時間和空間維度、尺度與網(wǎng)絡(luò)屬性進(jìn)行了討論,認(rèn)為尺度對集聚演化過程和機(jī)制的呈現(xiàn)存在影響；③集聚與集群研究的辯證結(jié)合。對集聚、集群和鄰近性三個含義相近的概念進(jìn)行辨析,認(rèn)為集聚是集群形成、發(fā)展的前提和基礎(chǔ),集群則是集聚的高級空間組織形態(tài)。同時,在對集聚動態(tài)進(jìn)行理論概念化的基礎(chǔ)上,提出集聚生命周期的演化模型及其不同階段的特征。以理論分析框架為指導(dǎo),本文將核心研究問題分解至宏觀、中觀和微觀三個層面進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。首先,在宏觀層面,利用1985-2011年我國工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的相關(guān)面板數(shù)據(jù),對集聚外部性的動態(tài)性特征進(jìn)行研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：①從長時間段來看,集聚外部性效應(yīng)存在著持續(xù)變化的特征,并且在不同的產(chǎn)業(yè)之間,集聚外部性效應(yīng)的動態(tài)變化趨勢和特征存在差異,體現(xiàn)出產(chǎn)業(yè)異質(zhì)性對集聚外部性效應(yīng)的動態(tài)性存在影響。②對于不同類型的工業(yè)集聚外部性,其效應(yīng)的動態(tài)變化趨勢和特征同樣也存在明顯的差異。其中,多數(shù)工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的MAR外部性具有“倒U型”的動態(tài)演化特征;而多數(shù)工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的Jacobs外部性并不存在動態(tài)演化的特征；盡管Porter外部性在多數(shù)工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的動態(tài)性特征是顯著的,但不同的工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)之間并沒有形成相對一致的規(guī)律,其中既包含了線性變化的情況,也包含了非線性變化的特征。其次,在中觀層面,從產(chǎn)業(yè)生命周期的視角切入,利用1985-2011年我國工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的相關(guān)面板數(shù)據(jù),對集聚外部性的階段性特征進(jìn)行研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：①在工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)由成長期向成熟期演進(jìn)的過程中,MAR外部性的正面效應(yīng)呈現(xiàn)逐漸增強(qiáng)的趨勢,并在成熟后期時對產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的正面促進(jìn)效應(yīng)達(dá)到最大值。②隨著工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)由成長期向成熟期發(fā)展,Jacobs外部性的正面效應(yīng)呈現(xiàn)逐漸下降的態(tài)勢,并在成熟后期表現(xiàn)出對產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的負(fù)向影響。③隨著工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)由成長期向成熟期轉(zhuǎn)變,Porter外部性的計量回歸結(jié)果并不顯著,但回歸系數(shù)的大小是呈現(xiàn)逐漸下降的趨勢,并且在成熟后期時對產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展表現(xiàn)為顯著的負(fù)向影響。第三,在微觀層面,以江陰工業(yè)作為案例研究區(qū)域和對象,利用實(shí)地調(diào)研和深度訪談所獲得的第一手、第二手資料和數(shù)據(jù),對特定地方的工業(yè)集聚產(chǎn)生的原因、以及集聚演化的微觀動力機(jī)制(地方情境性)進(jìn)行研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：①江陰工業(yè)集聚的形成具有其特定的歷史基礎(chǔ)因素,以江陰紡織服裝業(yè)為例,總結(jié)認(rèn)為地方產(chǎn)業(yè)傳統(tǒng)(產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ))、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)發(fā)展(制度背景)與內(nèi)外環(huán)境變化(政策環(huán)境)等三類因素,對江陰紡織服裝業(yè)的空間集聚具有重要影響。②改革開放后,在江陰紡織服裝業(yè)空間集聚的動態(tài)演化過程中,分別經(jīng)歷了分散式發(fā)展、集中式集聚、網(wǎng)絡(luò)式集聚和集群式集聚的不同發(fā)展階段,證明集聚生命周期的理論假設(shè)是存在且適用的。③江陰工業(yè)集聚能夠持續(xù)演化的微觀動力機(jī)制包括三方面：一是,地方情境孕育下所催生的企業(yè)家精神；二是,路徑依賴影響下所形成的產(chǎn)業(yè)集群；三是,多維鄰近作用下所構(gòu)建的企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。綜合上述三個層面的實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)與分析,本研究認(rèn)為：①在省域?qū)用?需要考慮產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚與擴(kuò)散的動態(tài)過程,客觀對待和處理產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象。②在產(chǎn)業(yè)層面,需要考慮產(chǎn)業(yè)生命周期所帶來的階段性影響,對產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的組織形式進(jìn)行合理培育。③在地方層面,需要考慮產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的地方情境性差異,因地制宜地推動產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚升級與發(fā)展。④從系統(tǒng)的角度看,需要考慮產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的尺度與網(wǎng)絡(luò)屬性,綜合理解尺度差異所可能產(chǎn)生的影響。
[Abstract]:After the reform and opening up, in the context of globalization and localization, information and networking, as well as the decentralization and marketization of our country, the four groups of internal and external forces, industrialization and urbanization, the industrial economic pattern of China has undergone tremendous changes. On the one hand, it has promoted the time dimension of industrial agglomeration in China. On the other hand, it also promotes the industrial industry to gather in the spatial dimension to the eastern coastal areas. Then, why does the industry have a continuous convergence and evolution phenomenon in time and space dimensions? This is the core issue to be discussed in this paper. The agglomeration of the activities of the industry itself seeks its intrinsic attributes. After a theoretical review and a literature review, there are three deficiencies in the existing research: 1. The research on the externality of agglomeration. The literature mainly focuses on the static analysis, and is relatively lack of the dynamic form of investigation. Different scholars use different research. One of the reasons for the formation of the agglomeration externality is that there is a difference in the characteristics of the agglomeration externality itself. Theoretical and empirical analysis, but at present, few scholars have combined macro, meso and microcosmic factors together to carry out systematic consideration, especially on spatial scale and organizational scale, which have less attention to the influence of agglomeration evolution process and mechanism. However, in the real world, the scale will affect the evolution of agglomeration. The study of process and mechanism. (3) on the study of "cluster" and "cluster". Some scholars treat them differently. Some scholars regard them as equals. This is ambiguous in practical application, which causes scholars to ignore the similarities and differences between the two concepts. Innovation and breakthrough are carried out in the following three aspects. (1) the construction of systematic theoretical analysis framework. On the basis of theoretical analysis and conceptualization, a systematic theoretical analysis is put forward, which covers three levels, macro, medium and micro, and the core of "two dimensions (time and space) - two attributes (scale and network) - three carrier (local, industry and enterprise)" Frame; (2) consideration of the influence of scale on agglomeration evolution. The time and space dimension of agglomeration evolution, scale and network attribute are discussed, and the scale is considered to have influence on the evolution process and mechanism of agglomeration; (3) the dialectical combination of agglomeration and cluster study. Three concepts with similar meanings to agglomeration, cluster and proximity are entered. It is considered that agglomeration is the precondition and foundation of cluster formation and development, and the cluster is the advanced spatial organization form of agglomeration. At the same time, on the basis of theoretical conceptualization of agglomeration dynamics, the evolution model of gathering life cycle and its characteristics in different stages are put forward. The core research problem is decomposed in this paper with the guidance of the theoretical analysis framework. To the macro, meso and micro three levels, the empirical analysis is carried out. Firstly, on the macro level, the dynamic characteristics of agglomeration externalities are studied by using the related panel data of China's industrial industry for 1985-2011 years. There are differences in the dynamic trends and characteristics of the agglomeration externalities, which reflects the impact of industrial heterogeneity on the dynamics of agglomeration externalities. (2) there are also obvious differences in the dynamic changes and characteristics of the effects of different types of industrial agglomeration. Among them, the MAR externalities of most industrial industries It has the dynamic evolution characteristics of "inverted U", while the Jacobs externality of most industrial industries does not have the characteristics of dynamic evolution. Although the dynamic characteristics of Porter externalities are significant in most industrial industries, there is not a relatively consistent rule between different industrial industries, which includes both linear and linear changes. It includes the characteristics of nonlinear changes. Secondly, from the perspective of the industrial life cycle, the research on the phased characteristics of the agglomeration externality in the 1985-2011 years of industrial life cycle from the perspective of industrial life cycle, and the positive effect of MAR externality in the process of industrial industry from growth to mature period The positive effect of the industrial development reached the maximum in the late maturity. 2. With the development of industrial industry from growth to maturity, the positive effect of Jacobs externality showed a gradual decline, and the negative impact on Industrial Development in the late mature period. During the period of maturity, the regression results of Porter externality are not significant, but the size of the regression coefficient is gradually decreasing, and it has a significant negative impact on the industrial development in the late maturity. Third, in the micro level, the Jiangyin industry is used as a case study area and object, using field investigation and deep visit. The first hand, the second hand and the data, the reasons for the industrial agglomeration in a particular place, and the micro dynamic mechanism (local situation) of the agglomeration evolution are studied. (1) the formation of industrial agglomeration in Jiangyin has its specific historical basis, taking the Jiangyin textile and garment industry as an example, and concludes that the local industry is transmitted. Three kinds of factors, such as industrial base (industrial foundation), township enterprise development (system background) and internal and external environment change (policy environment), have an important influence on the spatial agglomeration of Jiangyin textile and garment industry. After the reform and opening up, the dynamic evolution process of the spatial agglomeration of Jiangyin textile and clothing industry has experienced the decentralization development, centralized agglomeration and network set. The different development stages of agglomeration and cluster show that the theoretical hypothesis of the gathering life cycle is existing and applicable. (3) the micro dynamic mechanism of the sustainable evolution of industrial agglomeration in Jiangyin includes three aspects: first, the entrepreneurial spirit of the local situation is nurtured by the local situation; and two, the industrial cluster under the influence of path dependence; three Based on the empirical test and analysis of the above three levels, this study considers that: (1) the dynamic process of industrial agglomeration and diffusion should be taken into consideration at the provincial level, and the phenomenon of industrial transfer should be treated and dealt with objectively. Secondly, the stage of industrial life cycle should be considered at the industrial level. At the local level, we should take into consideration the local situational differences of industrial agglomeration and promote the upgrading and development of industrial agglomeration in the light of local conditions. (4) from a systematic perspective, the scale and network attributes of industrial agglomeration should be considered, and the possible impact of the scale differences can be understood.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F424
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本文編號：2008335