政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)功能的理論及實(shí)證研究—兼論中國(guó)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)改革與發(fā)展
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-17 04:03
【摘要】：對(duì)外開放是我國(guó)的基本國(guó)策,國(guó)際貿(mào)易作為國(guó)家開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的重要組成部分和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要推動(dòng)力量,對(duì)于提高我國(guó)綜合實(shí)力和國(guó)際影響力、促進(jìn)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的深度融合發(fā)揮著不可取代的獨(dú)特作用。改革開放以來(lái),特別是2001年加入世界貿(mào)易組織以來(lái),我國(guó)開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,國(guó)際貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域取得顯著成就。然而需要正視的是,我國(guó)外貿(mào)大而不強(qiáng),對(duì)外投資尚處于初級(jí)階段,企業(yè)“走出去”的質(zhì)量和效益有待進(jìn)一步提高。同時(shí),我國(guó)外經(jīng)貿(mào)的快速增長(zhǎng)以及復(fù)雜多變的外部環(huán)境,導(dǎo)致外經(jīng)貿(mào)企業(yè)面臨日益嚴(yán)峻的出口信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn),由此對(duì)我國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)的健康發(fā)展帶來(lái)諸多不利影響,進(jìn)而對(duì)開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系構(gòu)建和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生極大的沖擊。作為世界貿(mào)易組織補(bǔ)貼與反補(bǔ)貼條款項(xiàng)下允許的出口和對(duì)外投資促進(jìn)手段,政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)在防范風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、補(bǔ)償損失以及提高企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力等方面能夠發(fā)揮獨(dú)特功能,對(duì)貫徹本國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)戰(zhàn)略、保障就業(yè)、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有重要意義和作用,尤其是在經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩下行時(shí)期的逆周期調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng)更加明顯。我國(guó)出口信用保險(xiǎn)制度自建立后的近30年里不斷發(fā)展和完善,并在促進(jìn)我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易和投資中發(fā)揮了積極作用,特別是2008年國(guó)際金融危機(jī)以來(lái),為支持我國(guó)外貿(mào)穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)、促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(xiàn),由此受到國(guó)家日益重視并作為調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、保就業(yè)的重要工具和手段得以廣泛運(yùn)用。但同時(shí),隨著國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)的深刻變化和業(yè)務(wù)的快速增長(zhǎng),我國(guó)出口信用保險(xiǎn)在發(fā)展中也出現(xiàn)了許多問題、面臨一些困難,為此,政府積極推動(dòng)對(duì)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)體制的改革。在改革推進(jìn)過程中,相關(guān)部門對(duì)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的功能、中國(guó)出口信用保險(xiǎn)公司的定位及撤并、機(jī)構(gòu)及業(yè)務(wù)的外部監(jiān)督管理等問題產(chǎn)生了激烈的爭(zhēng)論,特別是對(duì)于政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的功能作用發(fā)揮,相關(guān)部門意見分歧較大。理論界和實(shí)務(wù)領(lǐng)域?qū)υ搯栴}也是莫衷一是、眾說(shuō)紛紜,有的學(xué)者認(rèn)為出口信用保險(xiǎn)對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展具有顯著的正向促進(jìn)效應(yīng),而有的學(xué)者認(rèn)為這種作用不明顯,甚至沒有作用。我國(guó)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的功能發(fā)揮到底如何?未來(lái)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)是撤銷、保留還是強(qiáng)化?如何構(gòu)建合理、有效的政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)體系、優(yōu)化和完善出口信用保險(xiǎn)的功能作用?圍繞這些熱點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)問題,基于功能觀視角,本文從理論分析、國(guó)際比較、國(guó)內(nèi)實(shí)踐等多個(gè)層面分析政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展演變,力圖針對(duì)我國(guó)出口信用保險(xiǎn)的功能作用提出較為系統(tǒng)、全面的認(rèn)識(shí)和見解,并從理論層面把握政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)功能作用的層次結(jié)構(gòu)和實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制、從實(shí)證層面分析我國(guó)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)功能的發(fā)揮情況、從制度和政策層面提出我國(guó)出口信用保險(xiǎn)體制完善和功能優(yōu)化的方向和路徑,希望能夠?yàn)槲覈?guó)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)體系的統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃和持續(xù)發(fā)展提供借鑒和參考。本文按照政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)功能作用的內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系,從以下方面進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的研究:第一章,引言。作為文章的開頭,主要概述本文的研究背景和意義,梳理歸納與本文相關(guān)的前人文獻(xiàn)與研究成果,并介紹本文的研究方法、研究?jī)?nèi)容及可能的創(chuàng)新之處。第二章,政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ)。本章首先對(duì)與政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)相似或相關(guān)的概念進(jìn)行界定,主要包括信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、出口信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及其他進(jìn)出口政策性金融工具等,其次對(duì)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的有關(guān)理論進(jìn)行歸納分析和創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)展,特別是嘗試運(yùn)用理論經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、新制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和轉(zhuǎn)軌經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等分析出口信用保險(xiǎn)問題,最后對(duì)出口信用保險(xiǎn)的政策性屬性作了反思。第三章,政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的功能界定。主要結(jié)合對(duì)現(xiàn)代保險(xiǎn)功能的分析及與商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的對(duì)比,對(duì)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的功能進(jìn)行界定,為后續(xù)微觀機(jī)制、宏觀效應(yīng)及實(shí)證分析奠定基礎(chǔ)。特別是創(chuàng)造性地提出認(rèn)識(shí)與理解保險(xiǎn)功能的三個(gè)層次,即從抽象到具體再到表象,并基于此分析政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的基本功能、核心功能與派生功能。第四章,政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的微觀機(jī)制。在對(duì)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的功能作用進(jìn)行界定的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)這些功能作用特別是特有功能的內(nèi)部傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制進(jìn)行分析,這有利于更深入地理解政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)功能是如何發(fā)揮的,得益于什么因素,發(fā)揮得不好應(yīng)歸于哪些因素,進(jìn)而找出功能作用難以順利實(shí)現(xiàn)的根源所在、提出針對(duì)性的改進(jìn)措施和完善對(duì)策。第五章,政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的宏觀效應(yīng)。主要從理論與實(shí)踐層面對(duì)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的外部效應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析,理論層面上主要是運(yùn)用兩國(guó)經(jīng)貿(mào)往來(lái)的均衡模型進(jìn)行研究,在實(shí)踐層面上對(duì)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)的中觀效應(yīng)、宏觀效應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析,并給出政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)外部效應(yīng)的研究思路和架構(gòu)。第六章,政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)功能的國(guó)際比較。在對(duì)國(guó)外政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展模式進(jìn)行分類的基礎(chǔ)上,選取代表性的英國(guó)、美國(guó)、韓國(guó)、加拿大、法國(guó)等若干國(guó)家政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展和功能作用發(fā)揮及其所需條件和基礎(chǔ)等情況進(jìn)行比較分析,以歸納出可供借鑒的通行做法和有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)。第七章,我國(guó)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)功能作用的實(shí)證分析。在對(duì)我國(guó)出口信用保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展演變情況進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要介紹的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用擴(kuò)展后的引力模型、混合策略納什均衡博弈模型等,采用歷年來(lái)我國(guó)出口信用保險(xiǎn)等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),從多個(gè)角度、多個(gè)層次對(duì)其功能作用的發(fā)揮情況作實(shí)證研究,并結(jié)合對(duì)實(shí)證結(jié)果的分析,提出政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)功能發(fā)揮中存在的問題和有待進(jìn)一步完善的方面。第八章,我國(guó)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)體系的完善與優(yōu)化�；诠δ苡^的視角,借鑒國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn),結(jié)合發(fā)展實(shí)際,從內(nèi)部設(shè)計(jì)和外部保障兩個(gè)方面,提出我國(guó)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)功能完善與優(yōu)化的對(duì)策措施與制度安排,并結(jié)合當(dāng)前我國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展新形勢(shì)、新要求,嘗試給出健全我國(guó)政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)體系、發(fā)揮政策性出口信用保險(xiǎn)功能的政策建議。第九章,結(jié)論與展望。總結(jié)提煉全文的研究過程、主要結(jié)論及不足之處,并進(jìn)一步引申觀點(diǎn),對(duì)未來(lái)可優(yōu)化完善領(lǐng)域和研究方向進(jìn)行展望。
[Abstract]:Opening to the outside world is the basic national policy of our country. As an important part of the open economic system and an important driving force for the development of the national economy, international trade plays an indispensable role in improving China's comprehensive strength and international influence and promoting the deep integration of China's economy and the world economy. Since the reform and opening up, In particular, since the accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001, China's open economy has developed rapidly and has made remarkable achievements in the field of international trade. However, it is necessary to face up to the fact that our foreign trade is large and not strong, the foreign investment is still in the primary stage, the quality and efficiency of the "going out" of enterprises have to be further improved. At the same time, the rapid increase of our foreign trade and economy is increasing. The long and complex and changeable external environment leads to the increasingly severe export credit risk of the foreign trade and economic enterprises, which has brought many adverse effects on the healthy development of our foreign trade and economic development, and has a great impact on the construction of the open economy system and the growth of the national economy. The policy based export credit insurance can play a unique role in preventing risk, compensation for loss and improving the competitiveness of enterprises. It is of great significance and role to carry out the foreign economic and trade strategy, guarantee employment and promote economic development, especially in the reverse period of the period of economic turmoil. The effect of the period adjustment is more obvious. China's export credit insurance system has developed and perfected in the last 30 years, and has played an active role in promoting China's foreign trade and investment, especially since the 2008 international financial crisis, which has made important contributions to support the stable growth of China's foreign trade and promote the rapid development of the national economy. Therefore, the important tools and means to adjust structure, prevent risk and guarantee employment have been widely used. At the same time, with the profound changes in the situation at home and abroad and the rapid growth of business, there have been many problems in the development of China's export credit insurance and facing some difficulties. Therefore, the government has actively promoted the policy. In the process of the reform and promotion, the relevant departments have made a fierce debate on the functions of the policy oriented export credit insurance, the positioning and withdrawal of the China Export and Credit Insurance Corp, the external supervision and management of the institutions and business, especially the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance. There are different opinions on this issue in both theoretical and practical fields. Some scholars believe that export credit insurance has a significant positive effect on foreign trade and economic development, while some scholars believe that this effect is not obvious and even useless. The function of policy export credit insurance in China has been played to the full. How does the future policy oriented export credit insurance institution be revoked, retained or strengthened? How to build a reasonable and effective policy export credit insurance system and optimize and improve the function of export credit insurance? Around these hot and difficult issues, this article is based on the perspective of function, from the theoretical analysis, international comparison, domestic practice and so on. This paper analyzes the development and evolution of policy oriented export credit insurance, and tries to put forward more systematic and comprehensive understanding and views on the function of China's export credit insurance, and grasp the hierarchical structure and Realization Mechanism of the function of policy oriented export credit insurance from the theoretical level, and analyze the credit insurance work of China's policy export credit insurance from the actual level. To give full play to the situation, the direction and path of China's export credit insurance system and function optimization are put forward from the system and policy level, and it is hoped to provide reference and reference for the overall planning and sustainable development of China's policy oriented export credit insurance system. The first chapter, introduction. As the beginning of the article, it mainly outlines the background and significance of this study, combs and summarizes the previous literature and research results related to this article, and introduces the research methods, research contents and possible innovations in this paper. The second chapter, policy related export credit insurance related. This chapter first defines the similar or related concepts to the policy oriented export credit insurance, including credit risk, export credit risk and other import and export policy financial instruments. Secondly, the relevant theories of policy oriented export credit insurance are summarized and expanded, especially by trying to apply the theory. In the end, the third chapter is to define the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance, which mainly combines the analysis of the modern insurance function and the comparison with the commercial insurance, and the function of the policy export credit insurance. It lays the foundation for the follow-up micro mechanism, macro effect and empirical analysis. Especially, it creatively puts forward three levels of understanding and understanding the function of insurance, that is, from abstract to concrete, and then to the appearance, and based on the analysis of the basic functions of the policy based export credit insurance, the core function and the derivative function. The fourth chapter, the policy export credit. On the basis of defining the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance, this paper analyzes the internal conduction mechanism of these functions, especially the special functions, which is helpful to understand more deeply how the function of the policy export credit insurance is played. In the fifth chapter, the macro effect of policy oriented export credit insurance is mainly analyzed from the theoretical and practical level of the external effect of policy export credit insurance. The main theory is to use the two countries. The equilibrium model of trade exchange is studied, the medium effect and macro effect of policy export credit insurance are analyzed on the practical level, and the research ideas and structure of the external effect of policy export credit insurance are given. The sixth chapter, the international comparison of the function of policy export credit insurance. On the basis of the classification of the development model, this paper makes a comparative analysis on the development and function of policy export credit insurance in several countries, such as Britain, the United States, Korea, Canada and France, and the necessary conditions and foundations, and so on, in order to conclude the common practice and useful experience for reference. The seventh chapter, the policy of our country On the basis of a brief introduction to the development and evolution of China's export credit insurance, using the extended gravitational model and the Nash equilibrium game model of the mixed strategy, the function of China's export credit insurance has been used in many different angles. In the eighth chapter, the improvement and optimization of the policy oriented export credit insurance system in China. In the two aspects of the Ministry design and external guarantee, we put forward the countermeasures and institutional arrangements for the improvement and optimization of China's policy oriented export credit insurance, and combine the new situation of our country's foreign trade and economic development and the new requirements, and try to give a policy suggestion on the policy oriented export credit insurance system and the policy export credit insurance function. The ninth chapter, conclusion and prospect, summarizes the research process of refining the full text, the main conclusions and shortcomings, and further extended the views, and prospects for the future optimization and improvement of the field and research direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F842.6;F752.62
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本文編號(hào)：2128928
[Abstract]:Opening to the outside world is the basic national policy of our country. As an important part of the open economic system and an important driving force for the development of the national economy, international trade plays an indispensable role in improving China's comprehensive strength and international influence and promoting the deep integration of China's economy and the world economy. Since the reform and opening up, In particular, since the accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001, China's open economy has developed rapidly and has made remarkable achievements in the field of international trade. However, it is necessary to face up to the fact that our foreign trade is large and not strong, the foreign investment is still in the primary stage, the quality and efficiency of the "going out" of enterprises have to be further improved. At the same time, the rapid increase of our foreign trade and economy is increasing. The long and complex and changeable external environment leads to the increasingly severe export credit risk of the foreign trade and economic enterprises, which has brought many adverse effects on the healthy development of our foreign trade and economic development, and has a great impact on the construction of the open economy system and the growth of the national economy. The policy based export credit insurance can play a unique role in preventing risk, compensation for loss and improving the competitiveness of enterprises. It is of great significance and role to carry out the foreign economic and trade strategy, guarantee employment and promote economic development, especially in the reverse period of the period of economic turmoil. The effect of the period adjustment is more obvious. China's export credit insurance system has developed and perfected in the last 30 years, and has played an active role in promoting China's foreign trade and investment, especially since the 2008 international financial crisis, which has made important contributions to support the stable growth of China's foreign trade and promote the rapid development of the national economy. Therefore, the important tools and means to adjust structure, prevent risk and guarantee employment have been widely used. At the same time, with the profound changes in the situation at home and abroad and the rapid growth of business, there have been many problems in the development of China's export credit insurance and facing some difficulties. Therefore, the government has actively promoted the policy. In the process of the reform and promotion, the relevant departments have made a fierce debate on the functions of the policy oriented export credit insurance, the positioning and withdrawal of the China Export and Credit Insurance Corp, the external supervision and management of the institutions and business, especially the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance. There are different opinions on this issue in both theoretical and practical fields. Some scholars believe that export credit insurance has a significant positive effect on foreign trade and economic development, while some scholars believe that this effect is not obvious and even useless. The function of policy export credit insurance in China has been played to the full. How does the future policy oriented export credit insurance institution be revoked, retained or strengthened? How to build a reasonable and effective policy export credit insurance system and optimize and improve the function of export credit insurance? Around these hot and difficult issues, this article is based on the perspective of function, from the theoretical analysis, international comparison, domestic practice and so on. This paper analyzes the development and evolution of policy oriented export credit insurance, and tries to put forward more systematic and comprehensive understanding and views on the function of China's export credit insurance, and grasp the hierarchical structure and Realization Mechanism of the function of policy oriented export credit insurance from the theoretical level, and analyze the credit insurance work of China's policy export credit insurance from the actual level. To give full play to the situation, the direction and path of China's export credit insurance system and function optimization are put forward from the system and policy level, and it is hoped to provide reference and reference for the overall planning and sustainable development of China's policy oriented export credit insurance system. The first chapter, introduction. As the beginning of the article, it mainly outlines the background and significance of this study, combs and summarizes the previous literature and research results related to this article, and introduces the research methods, research contents and possible innovations in this paper. The second chapter, policy related export credit insurance related. This chapter first defines the similar or related concepts to the policy oriented export credit insurance, including credit risk, export credit risk and other import and export policy financial instruments. Secondly, the relevant theories of policy oriented export credit insurance are summarized and expanded, especially by trying to apply the theory. In the end, the third chapter is to define the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance, which mainly combines the analysis of the modern insurance function and the comparison with the commercial insurance, and the function of the policy export credit insurance. It lays the foundation for the follow-up micro mechanism, macro effect and empirical analysis. Especially, it creatively puts forward three levels of understanding and understanding the function of insurance, that is, from abstract to concrete, and then to the appearance, and based on the analysis of the basic functions of the policy based export credit insurance, the core function and the derivative function. The fourth chapter, the policy export credit. On the basis of defining the function of the policy oriented export credit insurance, this paper analyzes the internal conduction mechanism of these functions, especially the special functions, which is helpful to understand more deeply how the function of the policy export credit insurance is played. In the fifth chapter, the macro effect of policy oriented export credit insurance is mainly analyzed from the theoretical and practical level of the external effect of policy export credit insurance. The main theory is to use the two countries. The equilibrium model of trade exchange is studied, the medium effect and macro effect of policy export credit insurance are analyzed on the practical level, and the research ideas and structure of the external effect of policy export credit insurance are given. The sixth chapter, the international comparison of the function of policy export credit insurance. On the basis of the classification of the development model, this paper makes a comparative analysis on the development and function of policy export credit insurance in several countries, such as Britain, the United States, Korea, Canada and France, and the necessary conditions and foundations, and so on, in order to conclude the common practice and useful experience for reference. The seventh chapter, the policy of our country On the basis of a brief introduction to the development and evolution of China's export credit insurance, using the extended gravitational model and the Nash equilibrium game model of the mixed strategy, the function of China's export credit insurance has been used in many different angles. In the eighth chapter, the improvement and optimization of the policy oriented export credit insurance system in China. In the two aspects of the Ministry design and external guarantee, we put forward the countermeasures and institutional arrangements for the improvement and optimization of China's policy oriented export credit insurance, and combine the new situation of our country's foreign trade and economic development and the new requirements, and try to give a policy suggestion on the policy oriented export credit insurance system and the policy export credit insurance function. The ninth chapter, conclusion and prospect, summarizes the research process of refining the full text, the main conclusions and shortcomings, and further extended the views, and prospects for the future optimization and improvement of the field and research direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F842.6;F752.62
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本文編號(hào)：2128928
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