發(fā)布時間：2018-05-03 21:12

  本文選題：紫花苜蓿 + 茬��； 參考：《河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：在我國中北部大田條件下,紫花苜蓿每年可收獲3~6茬,據(jù)推測各茬次產(chǎn)量逐漸降低的變化規(guī)律是由于不同季節(jié)光溫條件等環(huán)境不同所致。高溫脅迫可能是夏季紫花苜蓿產(chǎn)量低的主要誘因。本研究的目的在于探討適宜的環(huán)境條件下紫花苜蓿產(chǎn)量的變化規(guī)律,以及高溫脅迫對其產(chǎn)量和形態(tài)的影響,為紫花苜蓿產(chǎn)量等指標(biāo)的變化機(jī)理研究提供科學(xué)依據(jù),并且建立快速準(zhǔn)確的紫花苜�？篃嵝栽u價體系。1.為探討紫花苜蓿隨茬次產(chǎn)量逐漸降低原因,采用盆栽方法,將8個紫花苜蓿品種種植在智能溫室內(nèi),保持一致的適宜溫度、光照和水肥環(huán)境,探討其各茬產(chǎn)量、葉綠素和光合速率的變化規(guī)律。為驗(yàn)證第1年得到的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,第2年另選4個紫花苜蓿品種在相同生長條件下重復(fù)本試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:在適宜的光、溫、水肥條件下,紫花苜蓿第1~3茬產(chǎn)量逐漸升高,之后基本保持穩(wěn)定,說明自然條件下紫花苜蓿每茬產(chǎn)量逐漸遞減的規(guī)律是環(huán)境變化所致,在適宜生長的恒定的溫度條件下紫花苜蓿各茬產(chǎn)量無顯著差異。而且,第1~6茬初花期收獲時株高、葉綠素含量和凈光合速率變化不大,大部分茬次間差異不顯著。相關(guān)分析表明,株高、單葉重與產(chǎn)量呈正相關(guān),所以實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)選擇植株高大、分枝數(shù)多、大葉或多葉苜蓿品種以提高產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)。綜合分析認(rèn)為,紫花苜蓿在溫室栽培條件下生長至一定時間時,產(chǎn)量可保持穩(wěn)定。2.為探討高溫對紫花苜蓿產(chǎn)量和形態(tài)的影響。采用盆栽方法,將6個紫花苜蓿品種種植在2個生長培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi),2個培養(yǎng)箱溫度(白天/黑暗)分別設(shè)置為25/20℃和35/30℃,測定其產(chǎn)量、株高、葉部特征及葉片葉綠素含量。結(jié)果表明,高溫脅迫使紫花苜蓿生長受到抑制,植株矮小,產(chǎn)量降低54%;單葉片葉面積縮小至常溫的四分之一,但葉片厚度增加了54%。綜合上述結(jié)果可以看出,高溫是生產(chǎn)中紫花苜蓿夏季減產(chǎn)的一個重要原因,紫花苜蓿對高溫非常敏感,但會通過一系列形態(tài)上的變化來適應(yīng)高溫的脅迫。3.為了建立快速準(zhǔn)確的紫花苜�？篃嵝栽u價體系,采用盆栽方法,將58個紫花苜蓿品種種植在智能溫室,設(shè)置白天/黑暗溫度為20/15℃,1個月后,將其轉(zhuǎn)移至生長培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi),培養(yǎng)箱白天/黑暗溫度設(shè)置為20/15℃,一周后升高溫度為25/20℃,之后每1周升高1次溫度并維持1周,溫度升高后依次為30/25℃,35/30℃,40/35℃和43/40℃。選取一些可快速測定的指標(biāo):葉綠素?zé)晒�、葉綠素含量、相對含水量、可溶性糖含量、葉重和健康指數(shù)等,最后利用隸屬函數(shù)來綜合評價紫花苜蓿的抗熱性并評價每個指標(biāo)的可靠性。結(jié)果顯示:溫度增加使F0、葉綠素含量和可溶性糖含量升高,而Fv/m、相對含水量和葉重降低。在評價紫花苜�？篃嵝詴r相對含水量可靠性較差,F0、Fv/m、葉綠素含量、健康指數(shù)、可溶性糖含量和葉重可靠性較好。相關(guān)分析認(rèn)為,常溫時測定的葉綠素含量和葉重就可以用于評價品種的抗熱性,并可用來估測其產(chǎn)量。
[Abstract]:In the northern part of China, the alfalfa can harvest 3~6 stubble every year. It is speculated that the gradual decrease in the yield of each crop is due to the different light and temperature conditions in different seasons. High temperature stress may be the main cause of the low yield of Alfalfa in summer. The purpose of this study is to explore the purple flower under the suitable environment conditions. The change rule of Alfalfa Yield and the effect of high temperature stress on its yield and morphology provide scientific basis for the study of change mechanism of Alfalfa Yield and other indexes, and a rapid and accurate evaluation system of Alfalfa heat resistance.1. is established to explore the gradual decrease of the yield of Alfalfa with the successive yield of stubble, and 8 purple flowers will be adopted by the pot culture method. The alfalfa varieties were planted in the intelligent greenhouse, keeping the appropriate temperature, light and water and fertilizer environment, and discussing the variation of the yield, chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate of each stubble. In order to verify the results obtained in first years, 4 alfalfa varieties were selected to repeat the experiment under the same growth conditions in second years. The results showed that the suitable light, temperature and water were suitable. Under the condition of fertilizer, the yield of Alfalfa 1~3 stubble increased gradually, and then remained stable. It indicated that the gradual decrease of the yield of Alfalfa under natural conditions was the result of environmental changes. There was no significant difference in the yield of Alfalfa under the constant temperature conditions. Moreover, the plant height of the first flowering period of the first 1~6 was high, chlorophyll The correlation analysis showed that plant height, single leaf weight and yield were positively related to yield, so plants should choose tall plants, many branches, large leaf or multileaf alfalfa varieties to increase yield and quality. At a certain time, the yield could be kept stable.2. to investigate the effect of high temperature on the yield and morphology of alfalfa. 6 alfalfa varieties were planted in 2 growth incubators by pot culture. The temperature of 2 incubators (day / darkness) was set at 25/20 and 35/30, respectively, and the yield, plant height, leaf characteristics and chlorophyll content of leaves were measured. The results showed that the growth of alfalfa was inhibited by high temperature stress, the plant was short, the yield was reduced by 54%, and the leaf area of single leaf was reduced to 1/4 of the normal temperature. But the results of the 54%. comprehensive results showed that the high temperature was an important reason for the reduction of alfalfa in the summer, and alfalfa was very sensitive to the high temperature. But through a series of morphological changes to adapt to the high temperature stress.3. in order to establish a fast and accurate evaluation system of the heat resistance of alfalfa, the 58 alfalfa varieties were planted in the intelligent greenhouse, and the temperature of daytime / darkness was 20/15 C. After 1 months, it was transferred to the incubator of growth and culture, and the incubator was in the daytime / darkness. The temperature was set at 20/15 C, and the temperature was 25/20 C after one week. After 1 Zhou Shenggao 1 temperatures and 1 weeks, the temperature was increased at 30/25, 35/30, 40/35 and 43/40. The chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, relative water content, soluble sugar content, leaf weight and health index were selected. The membership function was used to evaluate the heat resistance of alfalfa and to evaluate the reliability of each index. The results showed that the increase of temperature made F0, chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content increase, while Fv/m, relative water content and leaf weight decreased. The relative water content of alfalfa was less reliable in evaluating the heat resistance of alfalfa, F0, Fv/m, chlorophyll content and health. The index, soluble sugar content and leaf weight reliability are better. The correlation analysis shows that the chlorophyll content and leaf weight measured at normal temperature can be used to evaluate the heat resistance of the varieties, and can be used to estimate their yield.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S541.9

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