發(fā)布時間：2018-05-04 12:22

  本文選題：凈蛋白利用率 + 尼龍袋法��； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：本試驗采用體內(nèi)法(消化代謝試驗)和體外技術(shù)(尼龍袋法、活體外產(chǎn)氣量法、酶解法)分別測定了肉牛常用12種飼料的蛋白質(zhì)的消化率、凈蛋白利用率和瘤胃降解率,并建立了體外法與體內(nèi)法結(jié)果的回歸關(guān)系,為應(yīng)用體外法估測肉牛飼料蛋白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)價值提供方法參考。試驗1：選擇我國肉牛常用的12種飼料,采用消化代謝試驗測定了其消化率和凈蛋白利用率,并對二者進行了相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果顯示,豆粕的消化率和凈蛋白利用率最高,分別達到89.86%和82.41%,而玉米秸蛋白質(zhì)的消化率和凈蛋白利用率最低,分別為33.24%和29.03%；12種飼料的凈蛋白利用率(Y)和消化率(X)之間存在高度的相關(guān)性Y=0.9085X-0.0044(R2=0.9769,P0.05),其中能量飼料為Y能量=0.9502X-0.016(R2=0.9833,P0.05)；粗飼料為Y粗料=0.9174X-0.015(R2=0.9925,P0.05);蛋白飼料為Y蛋白=1.0042X-0.095(R2=0.7017,P0.05)。綜上,消化代謝試驗?zāi)軌驕蚀_測定飼料蛋白質(zhì)的消化率和凈蛋白利用率,餅粕類飼料的蛋白質(zhì)品質(zhì)最優(yōu),秸稈類的蛋白質(zhì)品質(zhì)較差,且飼料凈蛋白利用率和消化率之間存在顯著的相關(guān)性。試驗2：利用傳統(tǒng)尼龍袋法測定了試驗1所選12種飼料蛋白質(zhì)瘤胃降解率,并建立其有效降解率與體內(nèi)法凈蛋白利用率結(jié)果間的回歸關(guān)系式。結(jié)果顯示：傳統(tǒng)尼龍袋法測定的瘤胃蛋白質(zhì)有效降解率(X)與體內(nèi)法凈蛋白質(zhì)利用率NPU(Y)間的回歸關(guān)系：Y=1.6266X-54.54,R2=0.7690(P0.05)。其中,能量飼料、蛋白飼料和粗飼料蛋白質(zhì)瘤胃降解率(X)與NPU(Y)的線性關(guān)系式分別為：Y能量=1.4179X-45.85(R2=0.8331,P0.05)；Y蛋白=1.5617X-43.98(R2=0.7232,P0.05);Y粗料=4.0166X-198.62(R2=0.8955,P0.05)。綜上,尼龍袋法測定的飼料蛋白質(zhì)降解率與體內(nèi)法凈蛋白利用率結(jié)果間存在高度的相關(guān)性,能夠替代體內(nèi)法用于快速評價飼料的蛋白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)價值。試驗3：建立了棒棒尼龍袋法(BB法)測定12種飼料蛋白質(zhì)瘤胃降解率的方法,并建立了BB法飼料蛋白質(zhì)降解率與傳統(tǒng)尼龍袋法瘤胃降解率及凈蛋白利用率間的回歸關(guān)系式。結(jié)果顯示：(1)BB法測定飼料蛋白質(zhì)降解參數(shù)的a值高于傳統(tǒng)法測定值(P0.05),但對c值沒有影響(P0.05),BB法測定的蛋白質(zhì)有效降解率也高于傳統(tǒng)法結(jié)果；(2)BB法(X)和傳統(tǒng)尼龍袋法(Y)測定的飼料蛋白質(zhì)有效降解率之間存在高度的相關(guān)性：Y=0.7801X+12.939,R2=0.8445(P0.05)；(3)BB法測定的蛋白質(zhì)瘤胃降解率(x)與凈蛋白利用率(Y)之間的線性關(guān)系式分別為,能量飼料：Y能量=1.8312X1-83.85(R2=0.9130,P0.05);蛋白質(zhì)飼料：Y蛋白=0.9270X1+1.1745(R2=0.9367,P0.05)；粗飼料：Y粗料=1.4251X1-44.76(R2=0.8564,P0.05)。試驗4：基于產(chǎn)氣量與組入NH3-N之間存在的相關(guān)性,利用活體外產(chǎn)氣量法測定了試驗1選取的12種飼料蛋白質(zhì)體外瘤胃降解率,并建立了基于體外產(chǎn)氣法測定的蛋白質(zhì)瘤胃降解率與尼龍袋法蛋白質(zhì)瘤胃降解率以及NPU結(jié)果間的回歸關(guān)系式。結(jié)果顯示：(1)體外產(chǎn)氣量與組入NH3-N之間存在高度相關(guān)性,其中以培養(yǎng)6h時相關(guān)系數(shù)最高：Y=0.1331X+0.133,R2=0.9896(P0.05)；(2)產(chǎn)氣量法測定的飼料蛋白質(zhì)降解率(X)與體內(nèi)法NPU(Y)間存在高度的相關(guān)關(guān)系,三組飼料(能量、蛋白、粗料)均以體外培養(yǎng)6h時相關(guān)系數(shù)最高,分別為Y能量=1.6295X-17.70(R2=0.8909,P0.05);Y蛋白=0.8482X+34.81(R2=0.8650,P0.05)；Y粗料=0.5633X+33.20(R2=0.8517,P0.05)；(3)體外產(chǎn)氣量法測定的蛋白質(zhì)降解率(X)與尼龍袋法結(jié)果(Z)存在一定的相關(guān)性,能量飼料在體外發(fā)酵6h時相關(guān)系數(shù)最高,Z能量=0.3042X+64.58,R2=0.9781(P0.05),蛋白飼料在6、12和24 h時兩者的相關(guān)系數(shù)差異均不顯著(P0.05),粗飼料在體外發(fā)酵12h時相關(guān)系數(shù)最高,Z粗料=1.057IX+10.22(R2=0.8942,P0.05),其他各時間點相關(guān)系數(shù)差異不顯著(P0.05)。綜上,活體外產(chǎn)氣量法能夠用于快速測定不同種類飼料的蛋白質(zhì)降解率,以體外培養(yǎng)6h時與體內(nèi)法測定結(jié)果相關(guān)性最高,同時與尼龍袋法結(jié)果也存在高度的相關(guān)性。試驗5：利用纖維素酶—胃蛋白酶復(fù)合酶法分別測定了試驗1選取的12種飼料原料3、6、12和24 h的蛋白質(zhì)降解率,并基于酶解法測定蛋白質(zhì)降解率與尼龍袋法蛋白質(zhì)瘤胃降解率以及凈蛋白利用率(NPU)結(jié)果間的回歸關(guān)系式。結(jié)果顯示：(1)三組飼料酶解法測定的蛋白質(zhì)消化率結(jié)果與NPU間均存在高度相關(guān)關(guān)系,且都以12h時相關(guān)系數(shù)為最高,能量飼料：Y能量=0.5991X+10.89,R2=0.8179(P0.05)；蛋白飼料：Y蛋白=0.6106X+28.27,R2=0.7807(P0.05)、粗飼料：Y粗料=1.2354X-30.27,R2=0.8738(P0.05)；(2)酶解法結(jié)果(X)與尼龍袋法結(jié)果(Z)的相關(guān)性：對于能量飼料,在6h時兩者的相關(guān)系數(shù)最高,Z能量=0.2797X+56.88(R2=8711,P0.05)；對于蛋白飼料,在12h時相關(guān)系數(shù)差異顯著,Z蛋白=0.2692X+57.07(R2=0.8354,P0.05)；對于粗飼料,12h時兩者相關(guān)系為Z=0.7625X+15.32(R2=0.7948,P0.05),其余各時間點相關(guān)系數(shù)差異不顯著(P0.05)。綜上,纖維素酶—胃蛋白酶法測定的蛋白質(zhì)降解率與體內(nèi)法和尼龍袋均存在高度相關(guān)關(guān)系,因此可以用于快速測定飼料蛋白質(zhì)的瘤胃降解率。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the digestibility, the net protein utilization rate and the rumen degradation rate of the 12 kinds of cattle feed were measured by the body method (digestion and metabolism test) and in vitro technology (nylon bag method, the method of living volume and enzymatic hydrolysis), and the regression relationship between the in vitro method and the results of the body method was established. The method was used to estimate the feed eggs of beef cattle by using in vitro method. Method reference for nutrient value of white matter was provided. Experiment 1: the digestibility and net protein utilization of 12 kinds of feed used in Chinese beef cattle were determined by digestion and metabolism test, and the correlation analysis between the two people was carried out. The results showed that the digestibility and net protein utilization rate of soybean meal were the highest, 89.86% and 82.41% respectively, and the corn straw protein, respectively. The digestibility and net protein utilization were the lowest, 33.24% and 29.03%, respectively, and the high correlation between the net protein utilization (Y) and the digestibility (X) of 12 kinds of feed was Y=0.9085X-0.0044 (R2=0.9769, P0.05), of which the energy feed was Y energy =0.9502X-0.016 (R2=0.9833, P0.05), and the coarse feed was Y coarse material =0.9174X-0.015 (R2=0.9925,); The white feed is Y protein =1.0042X-0.095 (R2=0.7017, P0.05). To sum up, the digestion and metabolism test can accurately determine the digestibility and net protein utilization of feed protein, the protein quality of the cake type feed is the best, the protein quality of the straw is poor, and there is a significant correlation between the net protein utilization rate and the digestibility of the feed. The experiment 2: The traditional nylon bag method was used to determine the ruminal degradation rate of 12 kinds of feed proteins in the experiment 1, and the regression relationship between the effective degradation rate and the results of the net protein utilization in the body was established. The results showed that the regression relationship between the effective degradation rate of rumen protein (X) and the net protein utilization rate NPU (Y) in the body was determined by the traditional nylon bag method. Y=1.6266X-54.54, R2=0.7690 (P0.05). Among them, the linear relationship between energy feed, protein feed and crude feed protein rumen degradation rate (X) and NPU (Y) are Y energy =1.4179X-45.85 (R2=0.8331, P0.05), Y protein =1.5617X-43.98. There is a high correlation between the rate of protein degradation and the results of the net protein utilization in the body. It can replace the body method for rapid evaluation of the nutritional value of protein in the feed. Experiment 3: a method for the determination of the ruminal degradation rate of 12 kinds of feed proteins by BB method was established, and the protein degradation rate and transmission of the feed protein in the BB method were established. The regression relationship between the rumen degradation rate and the net protein utilization ratio of the nylon bag method showed that: (1) the a value of the protein degradation parameters by BB method was higher than that of the traditional method (P0.05), but had no effect on the C value (P0.05), the effective degradation rate of protein determined by BB method was also higher than that of the traditional method; (2) BB method (X) and traditional nylon bag method (Y). There was a high correlation between the effective degradation rate of the determined feed protein: Y=0.7801X+12.939, R2=0.8445 (P0.05); (3) the linear relationship between the protein rumen degradation rate (x) and the net protein utilization ratio (Y) determined by BB method was respectively, energy feed: Y energy = 1.8312X1-83.85 (R2=0.9130, P0.05); protein feed: Y protein =0.9270X1 +1.1745 (R2=0.9367, P0.05); roughage: Y coarse feed =1.4251X1-44.76 (R2=0.8564, P0.05). Test 4: Based on the correlation between gas production and group entry NH3-N, the rumen degradation rate of protein in vitro was measured in vitro, and the rumen degradation of protein in vitro was determined based on in vitro gas production method, and the protein rumen degradation was established based on in vitro gas production method. 4 The regression relationship between the solution rate and the protein rumen degradation rate of nylon bag method and the results of NPU showed that: (1) there was a high correlation between the in vitro gas production and the group NH3-N, among which the correlation coefficient was the highest when 6h was cultured: Y=0.1331X+0.133, R2=0.9896 (P0.05); (2) the protein degradation rate (X) and in vivo NPU measured by gas production method (X) (Y) there is a high correlation between the three groups of feed (energy, protein, coarse material) with the highest correlation coefficient when cultured for 6h in vitro, Y energy =1.6295X-17.70 (R2=0.8909, P0.05), Y protein =0.8482X+34.81 (R2=0.8650, P0.05), Y coarse material =0.5633X+33.20 (3) protein degradation rate measured in vitro gas production method and Nepal The result of the Dragon bag method (Z) has a certain correlation. The correlation coefficient of energy feed in vitro fermentation for 6h is the highest, Z energy =0.3042X+64.58, R2=0.9781 (P0.05). The correlation coefficient of protein feed in 6,12 and 24 h is not significant (P0.05). The correlation coefficient is the highest when the crude feed is fermented in vitro for 12h. The correlation coefficient of other time points was not significant (P0.05). To sum up, the living volume method can be used to quickly determine the protein degradation rate of different kinds of feed, and the correlation between the results of 6h and the results of the nylon bag method is the highest. Experiment 5: the use of cellulase - stomach egg The protein degradation rate of 12 feed raw materials, 3,6,12 and 24 h, was determined by white enzyme complex enzyme method, and the regression relationship between protein degradation rate and protein degradation rate and net protein utilization rate (NPU) was determined by enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed: (1) protein elimination in three groups of feed enzyme solutions The result was highly correlated with NPU, and the correlation coefficient was the highest at 12h, energy feed: Y energy =0.5991X+10.89, R2=0.8179 (P0.05); protein feed: Y protein =0.6106X+28.27, R2=0.7807 (P0.05), coarse feed: Y coarse material =1.2354X-30.27, 0.8738; (2) results of enzymatic hydrolysis and nylon bag method Correlation: for energy feed, the correlation coefficient between the two is the highest at 6h, Z energy =0.2797X+56.88 (R2=8711, P0.05); for protein feed, the correlation coefficient of protein feed is significant, Z protein =0.2692X+57.07 (R2=0.8354, P0.05), and for coarse feed and 12h, the relation between the two is Z=0.7625X+15.32, and the rest of the time points are related. The coefficient difference is not significant (P0.05). In conclusion, the protein degradation rate determined by cellulase pepsin method is highly correlated with both in vivo method and nylon bag, so it can be used to quickly determine the rumen degradation rate of feed protein.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S823.5

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