發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-02 17:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：埃及科普特人研究　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 埃及 科普特人 科普特正教會(huì) 科普特問題

【摘要】：科普特人是埃及的少數(shù)民族,也是中東地區(qū)最大的基督教群體。20世紀(jì)70年代以來,科普特人與穆斯林關(guān)系趨于緊張,科普特問題成為埃及社會(huì)發(fā)展不可回避的突出問題,也成為國外學(xué)界研究的熱點(diǎn)。厘清科普特人的歷史概貌,是研究科普特人的基本前提。科普特人的歷史變遷、科普特正教會(huì)的演變、科普特問題的嬗變以及科普特人的民族與國家認(rèn)同是研究科普特人的四個(gè)重要問題。公元1世紀(jì)基督教傳入埃及后被埃及土著人口很快接受,亞歷山大科普特正教會(huì)是早期基督教五大教會(huì)之一,具有殉教、與異端的斗爭以及修道院制度三大特征。與埃及神話的契合和埃及民族主義的萌發(fā)是早期基督教在埃及迅速傳播的主要原因�？破仗厝藶閳�(jiān)守其基督教一性論信仰付出了沉重的代價(jià)。穆斯林諸封建王朝時(shí)期,科普特人處于迪米人地位,面臨著種種歧視,科普特人數(shù)不斷下降,逐漸淪為埃及的少數(shù)人口。奧斯曼帝國時(shí)期,科普特世俗精英在埃及當(dāng)局中人數(shù)較多,出現(xiàn)了所謂的科普特人“公務(wù)員王朝”�？破仗厥浪拙�英影響力超過了科普特正教會(huì),不斷對(duì)后者發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)。埃及近現(xiàn)代時(shí)期,穆罕默德·阿里王朝的改革導(dǎo)致科普特人大地主大實(shí)業(yè)家的產(chǎn)生,科普特人新的身份認(rèn)同逐漸形成。作為對(duì)現(xiàn)代化的回應(yīng),科普特正教會(huì)在強(qiáng)化集權(quán)、清除偶像崇拜、推廣現(xiàn)代教育等方面開啟了復(fù)興改革,科普特人世俗精英與正教會(huì)的博弈貫穿了此后的科普特人歷史發(fā)展進(jìn)程。科普特人在納賽爾、薩達(dá)特、穆巴拉克三任總統(tǒng)時(shí)期經(jīng)歷了不同的境遇與狀況。總體上看,科普特人始終無法融入埃及社會(huì)的主流,在法律、身份地位、受教育、就業(yè)、宗教信仰等方面面臨著重重歧視。納賽爾時(shí)期的國有化改革和土地革命消解了科普特世俗精英的影響力,科普特正教會(huì)再度成為科普特人發(fā)揮政治功能的唯一機(jī)構(gòu)。薩達(dá)特時(shí)期,埃及當(dāng)局采取親伊斯蘭政策導(dǎo)致科普特人與穆斯林沖突不斷,科普特人在科普特正教會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下為自身利益不斷抗?fàn)帯Ｄ掳屠�克時(shí)期,教皇欣諾達(dá)三世改革后的科普特正教會(huì)與埃及當(dāng)局保持了較長時(shí)段的合作關(guān)系,逐漸蛻變?yōu)樽陨砝�益的代�?科普特人分化加劇,科普特問題公開化、國際化程度加強(qiáng)。“1·25”革命后,科普特人狀況的大局未變,科普特人-穆斯林族群關(guān)系依然緊張�？傮w來說,科普特人是一個(gè)少數(shù)民族,擁有獨(dú)特的民族認(rèn)同,對(duì)埃及歷史發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)�？破仗卣�教會(huì)在科普特人與埃及當(dāng)局中扮演著中間人的角色,正教會(huì)與世俗精英的博弈是推動(dòng)科普特人歷史發(fā)展的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力�？破仗貑栴}具有多維性、長期性和階段性特征�？破仗貑栴}反映了埃及現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中民族國家構(gòu)建和國家屬性選擇的困境。
[Abstract]:The Coptic minority is Egypt's largest Christian group in.20 century is the Middle East region since 70s, the relationship between the Copts and Muslims tensions, Coptic issues become prominent problem of social development in Egypt, has become a hot spot for foreign academic research. Clarify the Copts, historical development, is the basic the premise of the Copts. History of Coptic, the evolution of the Coptic Orthodox Church, the Coptic problem and the change of ethnic and national identity of the Copts are four important problems of Coptic Christianity. In first Century Egypt by the Egyptian indigenous population quickly accepted Alexander, Coptic the church is one of the five biggest Christian church with early martyr, and heresy struggle and monasticism three characteristics. Accord with the Egyptian myth and Egyptian nationalism is adorable early In the period of Christianity spread rapidly. The main reason of Egyptian Coptic Christian people adhere to the Monophysite faith paid a heavy price. The Muslim Dynasty period, the Copts in Dimitar people position, facing all kinds of discrimination, the Coptic number decreased gradually, gradually become a minority of the population of Egypt. The Osman Empire, science the special secular elite in the Egyptian authorities in large numbers, the emergence of the so-called Coptic civil Dynasty. Coptic secular elite influence over the Coptic Church, continue to challenge the latter. In Egypt in the modern era, the reform of the Mohamed Ali Dynasty led to the Coptic's landlord and industrialist, identity identity the Copts gradually formed. As to the modern Coptic Orthodox Church in response, strengthening centralization, clear idolatry, the promotion of modern education, open The revival of the reform, game the Coptic Orthodox Church and the secular elite throughout the subsequent Coptic history. Coptic in Nasser, Sadat, Mubarak, the three president has experienced different circumstances and conditions. In general, the Copts has not integrated into the mainstream of Egyptian society in law. The status, education, employment, religion etc. faced discrimination. During the period of Nasser and the reform of state-owned land revolution dispelled the Coptic secular elite influence, the Coptic Church will once again become the Copts play only institution political function. The period of Sadat, the Egyptian authorities have taken a pro Islamic policy led to the Copts with the Muslim conflicts, Copts will continue to fight for their own interests under the leadership of the Coptic Orthodox Church. During the period of Mubarak, Pope Shenouda III after the reform of the Coptic The Orthodox Church maintained a longer period of cooperation with the Egyptian authorities, gradually changing to represent their interests, Copts differentiation, Coptic open, the degree of internationalization strengthened. "1 - 25" after the revolution, the Copts in the overall situation has not changed, the Copts - Muslim ethnic relations remained tense. In general, the Copts are an ethnic minority, unique ethnic identity has made important contributions to the development of the history of Egypt. The Coptic Church will play an intermediary role in the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Egyptian authorities in the game and the secular elite is the motivation for the Copts of historical development. The Coptic problem is multi-dimensional, long-term and stage characteristics. The Coptic problem reflects the plight of nation-state building and national attribute selection modernization process in Egypt.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K411.8
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本文編號(hào)：1370219