發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-02 13:12

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 楊度 國家主義 國家理性 民權(quán)　出處：《首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：對(duì)于中國而言,清末民初是其現(xiàn)代國家觀開始強(qiáng)勢(shì)取代傳統(tǒng)“天下”觀的非常時(shí)期。在此期間,構(gòu)造新的國家形式并設(shè)計(jì)配套制度,以應(yīng)對(duì)變化后的國際交往規(guī)則,成為了最緊迫的歷史任務(wù)。而在這樣的任務(wù)要求下,將國家擬制為獨(dú)立體后,以保障國家安全、樹立國家權(quán)威與追求國家利益為主旨的國家主義哲學(xué)便成為了當(dāng)時(shí)期流行理論的主要思維方式和價(jià)值主張。這一背景直接決定了近代中國在對(duì)西方法學(xué)思想進(jìn)行繼受時(shí)所形成的主觀思路。而楊度正好以國家形式再造者的角色具體展現(xiàn)了在這一思路的指導(dǎo)下,中國思想者在吸收了西方的國家學(xué)說后,所形成的具體理論樣式。所以,分析其國家主義法學(xué)思想有助于我們尋找到中國法理學(xué)在國家理論初成時(shí)的一種原生狀態(tài)和邏輯起點(diǎn)。作為本土思想精英,楊度不可避免地受到了中國傳統(tǒng)舊學(xué)的影響。而這種影響決定了楊度在面對(duì)西方理論時(shí)的思維慣性與主觀動(dòng)機(jī),即其“本土性格”。而在其中,“王門今文經(jīng)學(xué)”的理論風(fēng)格、湖湘“帝王學(xué)”的務(wù)實(shí)作風(fēng)以及“船山學(xué)”的價(jià)值追求均產(chǎn)生了較大作用。作為留日立憲專家,楊度接觸到了大量西方理論。在這些舶來理論中,日本“世界秩序”與“國家構(gòu)成”理論、社會(huì)進(jìn)化論及古典自然法學(xué)派的國家學(xué)說成為了楊度國家主義法學(xué)思想的重要依托與借鑒。楊度國家主義法學(xué)思想的具體內(nèi)容主要包括四個(gè)部分。第一,其利用了一套民權(quán)理論為國家共同體的存在賦予了正當(dāng)性。第二,其倡導(dǎo)以一種國家主義的法律意識(shí)形態(tài)否定并代替舊有的家族主義的法律意識(shí)形態(tài)。第三,其在選擇何種國體類型的問題上,表明了支持君主制的堅(jiān)決態(tài)度。第四,其在頂層設(shè)計(jì)方面推銷了責(zé)任政府、政黨政治與代議國會(huì)三項(xiàng)具體制度。觀察楊度國家主義法學(xué)思想在中國法學(xué)理論發(fā)展譜系中所發(fā)揮的積極作用,能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)其啟迪了一種具有進(jìn)步意義的國家理性;說明了國體概念對(duì)于新造國家所起到的觀念作用;鋪陳了一系列符合法治精神的政治秩序理論。然而,通過反思,也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其存在的三點(diǎn)缺陷。首先是受限于實(shí)用主義“民權(quán)論”的理論宿命之下。其次是陷入了工具主義“立法觀”的理論誤區(qū)之中。最后是止步在了精英主義“法治論”的理論局限之內(nèi)。
[Abstract]:For China, at the end of the Qing Dynasty is a very important period of its modern national view began to replace the traditional strong "world view". During this period, the construction of a new national form and design of supporting system, in order to respond to changes in the rules of international communication, has become history's most urgent task. In this task, the state intends to as the independent body, in order to protect national security, establish a national philosophy theme has become a popular theory when the period of main mode of thinking and value proposition of the authority of the state and national interests. This background determines the modern Chinese in subjective ideas formed on the western legal thought. Yangdu just to form the role of specific national reconstruction shows under the guidance of this idea, Chinese thinkers in the absorption of the western theory of the state, the theory of style formed by, Analysis of the national law thought is helpful for us to find an original state of China jurisprudence in the theory of the state as the beginning of the logic starting point. And as the local elite thought, Yangdu is inevitably influenced by the traditional old China. And it determines the degree of Yang in the face of western theory and subjective thinking inertia that is the motivation, "local character". In the theory of "the style of Confucian classics", "Hunan pragmatic style imperial school" and "Chuanshan" values have great effect. As Japan constitutional experts, Yang degree of exposure to a large number of western theories in these foreign theories. In Japan, the "world order" and "national form" theory of social evolution and the classical natural law school of the state theory has become an important degree of nationalism relying on the legal thought of Yang Yang of state and reference. The specific content of meaning law thought mainly includes four parts. First, the use of a set of civil rights theory gives legitimacy to the national community there. In second, the legal ideology advocated by the legal ideology of nationalism and a denial of the replacement of the family. Third, in the choice of type system the problem, that resolute support the monarchy. In fourth, the promotion of responsible government in the top-level design, the political party and the Representative Congress three specific systems. To observe the positive role played by Yang national realistic jurisprudence theory in Chinese law development pedigree, to find out the inspiration of a the progress of the national rationality; explains the concept system for the concept of new role played by the state; lay out a series of in line with the spirit of the rule of law and political order theory. However, through reflection, also We can find three defects of its existence. First, we are limited by the theoretical destiny of pragmatism "civil rights". Secondly, we fall into the Theoretical Misunderstanding of instrumentalism. Finally, we stop in the theoretical limitations of elitism "rule of law".

【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D909.2

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