發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-03 00:39

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 國(guó)家管轄范圍以外海洋保護(hù)區(qū) 國(guó)際法制度 國(guó)際社會(huì)整體利益　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著人類海洋活動(dòng)能力的增強(qiáng),國(guó)家管轄范圍以外海洋的生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞情況日益嚴(yán)重,如何有效保護(hù)國(guó)家管轄范圍以外海洋環(huán)境和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的問題隨之出現(xiàn)。原有的針對(duì)單一物種的保護(hù)和特定污染的防護(hù)措施已不能滿足對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行綜合保護(hù)的需求。因此,針對(duì)國(guó)家管轄范圍以外特定海域劃定保護(hù)區(qū)的倡議持續(xù)升溫,實(shí)踐日趨增多。國(guó)家管轄范圍以外海洋保護(hù)區(qū)是指在國(guó)家管轄范圍以外區(qū)域劃定,為保護(hù)該區(qū)域的的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生物多樣性,對(duì)該區(qū)域的人類活動(dòng)進(jìn)行管理的海洋區(qū)域。其本質(zhì)是對(duì)人類在國(guó)家管轄范圍以外海域的某些行為進(jìn)行限制或者禁止。對(duì)于公海、"區(qū)域"等國(guó)家管轄范圍以外區(qū)域,國(guó)家對(duì)這些區(qū)域本身沒有管轄權(quán)。因此,國(guó)家管轄范圍以外海洋保護(hù)區(qū)一經(jīng)提出,合法性便飽受國(guó)際社會(huì)的質(zhì)疑。雖然有歐盟等環(huán)保派大力推進(jìn)國(guó)家管轄范圍以外海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的建設(shè),并已有相關(guān)實(shí)踐,但也有挪威等反對(duì)派認(rèn)為其違反公海自由等國(guó)際法制度。國(guó)家管轄范圍以外海洋保護(hù)區(qū)最直接的法律基礎(chǔ)是區(qū)域性條約,然其相對(duì)效力無法為第三方設(shè)定在保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)采取環(huán)境保護(hù)措施的額外義務(wù),也無法為設(shè)立對(duì)第三方有約束力的國(guó)家管轄以外海洋保護(hù)區(qū)提供法律規(guī)范。《海洋法公約》等全球性國(guó)際條約的相關(guān)規(guī)定也無法為其提供直接和充分的國(guó)際法規(guī)范。聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)和《生物多樣性公約》締約方大會(huì)的相關(guān)決議推動(dòng)了國(guó)家管轄范圍以外海洋保護(hù)區(qū)有關(guān)國(guó)際法的擬定,但其并不是正式的國(guó)際法淵源。國(guó)家管轄以外海洋保護(hù)區(qū)制度還存在與公海自由等海洋法制度相沖突的問題。基于現(xiàn)代國(guó)際法和海洋法日益重視維護(hù)國(guó)際社會(huì)整體利益,在相關(guān)國(guó)際法制度尚不完善的情況下,國(guó)家管轄范圍以外海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的發(fā)展應(yīng)以國(guó)際社會(huì)整體利益為指導(dǎo),使相關(guān)制度的構(gòu)建符合國(guó)際法的精神。在具體發(fā)展路徑上,要通過國(guó)際實(shí)踐的逐漸積累促進(jìn)海洋法制度的發(fā)展,同時(shí)在發(fā)展過程中堅(jiān)持國(guó)家主權(quán)和環(huán)境保護(hù)的統(tǒng)一、國(guó)際合作和共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任等原則,確保其真正符合國(guó)際社會(huì)整體利益。
[Abstract]:With the increasing capacity of human ocean activities, the ecological environment damage of the ocean beyond national jurisdiction is becoming more and more serious. The question of how to effectively protect the marine environment and ecosystems beyond the limits of national jurisdiction arises. The original protection measures against single species and specific pollution can no longer meet the requirements of integrated protection of ecosystems. Demand. So... The initiatives for the designation of protected areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction continue to heat up and practice is increasing. Marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction refer to the delineation of areas beyond national jurisdiction. To protect the region's ecosystems and biodiversity. A maritime area regulating human activities in the area... the essence of which is to restrict or prohibit certain acts of human beings in areas beyond national jurisdiction... in relation to the high seas. Areas beyond national jurisdiction, such as the area, over which States do not have jurisdiction... therefore, marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction are proposed. The legitimacy has been questioned by the international community. Although the European Union and other environmentalists vigorously promote the construction of marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction, and has been related to practice. However, there are opponents such as Norway who believe that they violate the regime of international law, such as freedom of the high seas... the most direct legal basis for marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction is a regional treaty. However, its relative effectiveness does not create an additional obligation for third parties to take environmental protection measures in protected areas. Nor can legal norms be provided for the establishment of marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction that are binding on third parties. The relevant provisions of global international treaties, such as UNCLOS, cannot provide them with direct and adequate international legislation. Relevant resolutions of the General Assembly of the United Nations and the Conference of the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity have contributed to the development of international law on marine protected areas beyond areas of national jurisdiction. However, it is not a formal source of international law. The system of marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction also has the problem of conflict with the law of the sea system such as freedom of the high seas. Based on modern international law and the law of the sea, there is an increasing emphasis on safeguarding the integrity of the international community. Physical interests. The development of marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction should be guided by the overall interests of the international community when the relevant international law regime is not yet perfect. To make the construction of the relevant system in line with the spirit of international law. In the specific development path, we should promote the development of the law of the sea system through the gradual accumulation of international practice. At the same time, we should adhere to the principles of unity of national sovereignty and environmental protection, international cooperation and common but differentiated responsibilities in the course of development, so as to ensure that they truly conform to the overall interests of the international community.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D993.5

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

中國(guó)期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前10條

1 張飛;;論國(guó)家管轄范圍外海洋遺傳資源管理法律問題[J];學(xué)理論;2012年05期

2 葉泉;;國(guó)家管轄范圍外區(qū)域海洋遺傳資源管理機(jī)制探究[J];中國(guó)海商法研究;2013年04期

3 王軼堅(jiān);;國(guó)家管轄范圍以外深海底生物資源法律適用問題初探[J];法制與社會(huì);2011年14期

4 王穎;;淺談普遍管轄權(quán)的適用條件[J];商業(yè)文化(學(xué)術(shù)版);2007年11期

5 ;關(guān)于執(zhí)行1982年12月10日《聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋法公約》第十一部分的協(xié)定[J];中華人民共和國(guó)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)公報(bào);1996年05期

6 唐雙娥;保護(hù)“全球公域”的法律問題[J];生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì);2002年08期

7 王勇;;論國(guó)家管轄范圍內(nèi)遺傳資源的法律屬性[J];政治與法律;2011年01期

8 張善寶;;國(guó)家管轄范圍外深海底生物資源法律制度研究[J];太原理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2014年01期

9 丁之;;為什么說海洋是人類共同繼承的財(cái)產(chǎn)[J];海洋世界;1997年12期

10 董躍;劉曉靖;;北極石油污染防治法律體系研究[J];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2010年04期

中國(guó)重要會(huì)議論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前1條

1 桂靜;范曉婷;王琦;;國(guó)家管轄以外海洋保護(hù)區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)策分析[A];《中國(guó)海洋法學(xué)評(píng)論》2011年卷第1期[C];2011年

中國(guó)重要報(bào)紙全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前2條

1 中共國(guó)家海洋局機(jī)關(guān)黨校第32期班;國(guó)家管轄外海域戰(zhàn)略利益分析與對(duì)策[N];中國(guó)海洋報(bào);2011年

2 上海社科院法學(xué)所 副研究員 金永明;學(xué)習(xí)日本海洋立法[N];東方早報(bào);2010年

中國(guó)博士學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前1條

1 紀(jì)曉昕;國(guó)家管轄范圍外深海底生物多樣性法律規(guī)制研究[D];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué);2011年

中國(guó)碩士學(xué)位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 前5條

1 袁華帥;國(guó)家管轄范圍以外海洋保護(hù)區(qū)國(guó)際法律制度研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2017年

2 張飛;國(guó)家管轄范圍外海域深海遺傳資源管理法律問題研究[D];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué);2012年

3 麻德強(qiáng);國(guó)家管轄范圍以外區(qū)域的環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)制度研究[D];廈門大學(xué);2014年

4 張弛;國(guó)家管轄范圍外深海遺傳資源獲取與惠益分享法律問題研究[D];中國(guó)海洋大學(xué);2009年

5 蔚麗華;國(guó)家管轄范圍外深海底生物多樣性的管理和養(yǎng)護(hù)機(jī)制探討[D];中國(guó)政法大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號(hào)：1485914