發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-22 20:24

  本文選題：行政侵權(quán)　切入點(diǎn)：精神損害　出處：《天津師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代社會(huì),隨著社會(huì)分工的日益細(xì)化和復(fù)雜,行政管理的事項(xiàng)不斷增多、范圍不斷擴(kuò)展,行政權(quán)也在不斷的膨脹。但由于行政權(quán)力制約機(jī)制的有限性,行政侵權(quán)行為大量出現(xiàn)。為了限制行政權(quán),保障公民的合法權(quán)利,我國(guó)制定了行政訴訟法、國(guó)家賠償法等一系列法律法規(guī)。從行政訴訟到申請(qǐng)國(guó)家賠償,再到可以對(duì)行政侵權(quán)行為造成的損害后果請(qǐng)求精神損害賠償,我國(guó)的法律一直在保護(hù)公民權(quán)利的道路上前進(jìn)。但是,我國(guó)行政侵權(quán)精神損害賠償制度還存在不完善之處,尤其是在請(qǐng)求人對(duì)行政侵權(quán)造成的精神損害請(qǐng)求精神損害撫慰金時(shí),由于我國(guó)《國(guó)家賠償法》存在規(guī)定不夠明確的問(wèn)題,其缺乏可操作性,導(dǎo)致請(qǐng)求人請(qǐng)求精神損害賠償難以獲得成功,鮮有請(qǐng)求精神損害撫慰金勝訴的案例出現(xiàn)。本文通過(guò)實(shí)證研究、歷史研究和比較研究的方法,對(duì)行政侵權(quán)精神損害賠償?shù)膯?wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究,以期對(duì)我國(guó)精神損害賠償制度的完善提供有益的改進(jìn)。 文章第一部分介紹了選題的目的和意義,對(duì)行政侵權(quán)造成的精神損害進(jìn)行賠償,可以更好的保障公民權(quán)利,這是實(shí)現(xiàn)依法治國(guó)的必然要求。 文章的第二部分介紹了行政侵權(quán)精神損害賠償問(wèn)題的相關(guān)概念,包括行政侵權(quán)行為、精神損害、精神損害賠償?shù)�。根�?jù)我國(guó)《國(guó)家賠償法》的規(guī)定,精神損害賠償是因行政機(jī)關(guān)及其工作人員在行使行政職權(quán)時(shí),侵犯了受害人的生命權(quán)、健康權(quán)以及人身自由權(quán)造成受害人精神損害而進(jìn)行的國(guó)家賠償。 文章的第三部分介紹了我國(guó)行政侵權(quán)精神損害賠償立法及相關(guān)規(guī)定的演進(jìn),我國(guó)的行政侵權(quán)精神損害賠償制度經(jīng)歷了從無(wú)到有,從沒(méi)有金錢(qián)性賠償?shù)接薪疱X(qián)性賠償,從國(guó)家層面立法到地方層面立法及規(guī)定等幾個(gè)階段,雖然在不斷進(jìn)步,但還是存在不足之處,筆者對(duì)此進(jìn)行了考察。 文章第四部分介紹了行政侵權(quán)精神損害賠償?shù)南嚓P(guān)案例,并對(duì)案例進(jìn)行分析,提出了實(shí)踐中我國(guó)行政侵權(quán)精神損害賠償制度需要完善的地方。 文章最后一部分在借鑒境外國(guó)家和地區(qū)有關(guān)行政侵權(quán)精神損害賠償?shù)姆�律及�?guī)定的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了我國(guó)行政侵權(quán)精神損害賠償制度應(yīng)該進(jìn)行改進(jìn)的地方,包括明確何為《國(guó)家賠償法》中的“造成嚴(yán)重后果”、擴(kuò)大行政侵權(quán)精神損害賠償?shù)姆秶�、確定精神損害的賠償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、明晰精神損害賠償訴訟中舉證責(zé)任的承擔(dān),這樣才能更好的實(shí)現(xiàn)保障公民合法權(quán)利之目的,使精神損害賠償請(qǐng)求得以順利進(jìn)行。
[Abstract]:In modern society, with the increasing refinement and complexity of the social division of labor, the number of administrative matters is increasing, the scope is expanding, and the administrative power is expanding. However, due to the limitation of the administrative power restriction mechanism, In order to limit the administrative power and protect the legal rights of citizens, China has formulated a series of laws and regulations, such as the Administrative procedure Law, the State compensation Law, etc., from administrative litigation to applying for state compensation. The law of our country has been advancing on the road of protecting the civil rights. However, there are still some imperfections in the system of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort. Especially in the process of requesting compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort, the state compensation law of our country is short of maneuverability because of the lack of clear stipulation. As a result, it is difficult for the claimant to obtain the compensation for moral damage, and there are few cases in which the solace of spiritual damage is claimed. This paper adopts the methods of empirical research, historical research and comparative study. This paper studies the problem of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort in order to improve the system of compensation for mental damage in China. The first part of the article introduces the purpose and significance of the topic, compensation for the spiritual damage caused by administrative tort, can better protect the rights of citizens, which is the inevitable requirement to achieve the rule of law. The second part of the article introduces the related concepts of compensation for mental damage in administrative tort, including administrative tort, mental damage, compensation for mental damage, etc. According to the provisions of the State compensation Law of our country, Compensation for moral damage is the state compensation for the mental damage caused by the violation of the victim's right to life, right to health and the right to personal liberty when the administrative organ and its staff members exercise their administrative functions. The third part of the article introduces the evolution of the legislation and related provisions of mental damage compensation for administrative tort in our country. The system of compensation for mental damage of administrative tort in our country has experienced from nothing to exist, from no pecuniary compensation to pecuniary compensation. From the national level legislation to the local level legislation and regulations, although in progress, but there are still shortcomings, the author of this study. The fourth part of the article introduces the related cases of the compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort, and analyzes the cases, and puts forward some points that need to be improved in practice. In the last part of the article, on the basis of drawing lessons from the laws and regulations of overseas countries and regions on the compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort, the author points out that the system of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative infringement in our country should be improved. Including clarifying what is "causing serious consequences" in the "State compensation Law", expanding the scope of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort, determining the standard of compensation for mental damage, and clarifying the burden of proof in the litigation for compensation for mental damage. In this way, the purpose of protecting citizens' legal rights can be better realized, and the claim for compensation for moral damage can proceed smoothly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.1;D923

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本文編號(hào)：1650235