發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-03 21:00

【摘要】：由路面不平度引起的車輛振動(dòng)會(huì)造成路面的破壞,而路面的破壞又會(huì)加劇車輛的振動(dòng),這就形成了車輛-路面耦合振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。目前路面的設(shè)計(jì)方法把車輛荷載當(dāng)作靜載處理,雖考慮了一定的安全系數(shù),但不能全面的反映路面的受力狀況。本文依托于河北省交通科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目,從時(shí)域和頻域兩個(gè)方面出發(fā),系統(tǒng)研究了路面動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)的影響因素,相應(yīng)結(jié)論能為路面結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。具體工作內(nèi)容如下:1、對(duì)比分析了不同路面不平度的模擬方法,選取諧波疊加法仿真生成了不同等級(jí)的路面。2、通過(guò)對(duì)不同車輛模型的分析比較,選取兩自由度的四分之一車輛模型進(jìn)行模擬,建立了振動(dòng)微分方程,采用Newmark-β法對(duì)其進(jìn)行了求解。運(yùn)用ANSYS有限元軟件構(gòu)建了四分之一車輛模型,仿真了車輛行駛于不平整路面的過(guò)程,簡(jiǎn)化了車輛隨機(jī)荷載的求解,并討論了路面等級(jí)對(duì)車輛隨機(jī)荷載的影響。3、選取剛性路面為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)計(jì)算和論證,建立了符合實(shí)際的三維路面有限元模型。在時(shí)域信號(hào)的研究中,將求得的車輛隨機(jī)荷載施加于已建立的路面模型上,重點(diǎn)討論了結(jié)構(gòu)層參數(shù)對(duì)路面動(dòng)位移和面層層底拉應(yīng)力的影響規(guī)律,通過(guò)對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果的分析研究,提出了較優(yōu)的結(jié)構(gòu)層參數(shù)組合。4、提出在路面有限元模型上施加瞬態(tài)沖擊荷載,通過(guò)對(duì)提取的加速度信號(hào)進(jìn)行頻譜分析來(lái)求解路面基頻的方法,并與傳統(tǒng)的模態(tài)分析方法進(jìn)行了比較。結(jié)果表明:模態(tài)分析的計(jì)算結(jié)果依賴于有限模型的尺寸,不能反映路面的振動(dòng)情況,而車輛-路面耦合振動(dòng)方法是通過(guò)對(duì)加速度信號(hào)的處理得出路面的基頻值,能體現(xiàn)路面的動(dòng)態(tài)特性,所以車輛-路面耦合振動(dòng)方法求解的路面基頻更符合實(shí)際。5、借助MATLAB有限元軟件,通過(guò)求解車輛隨機(jī)荷載功率譜密度得出其主頻,并分析了不同因素對(duì)車輛隨機(jī)荷載主頻的影響規(guī)律;采用車輛-路面耦合振動(dòng)的方法求解了路面基頻,并分析了各因素對(duì)路面基頻的影響規(guī)律;計(jì)算了不同車輛隨機(jī)荷載主頻和路面基頻下路面的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)值,通過(guò)對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果的分析,提出減小路面受迫振動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)意見(jiàn)。
[Abstract]:The vehicle vibration caused by pavement roughness will cause the damage of pavement, and the damage of pavement will aggravate the vibration of vehicle, which forms the coupling vibration system of vehicle and pavement. At present, the design method of pavement takes vehicle load as static load treatment, although a certain safety factor is considered, but it can not reflect the stress condition of pavement in an all-round way. Based on the traffic science fund project of Hebei Province, this paper systematically studies the influencing factors of pavement dynamic response from two aspects of time domain and frequency domain, and the corresponding conclusions can provide reference for the optimization design of pavement structure. The specific work contents are as follows: 1, the simulation methods of different pavement roughness are compared and analyzed, and the harmonic superposition method is selected to simulate and generate different grades of pavement. 2, through the analysis and comparison of different vehicle models, The 1/4 vehicle model with two degrees of freedom is selected to simulate, and the differential equation of vibration is established and solved by Newmark- 尾 method. The 1/4 vehicle model is constructed by using ANSYS finite element software, and the process of driving on the uneven road is simulated, which simplifies the solution of the random load of the vehicle, and discusses the influence of the pavement grade on the random load of the vehicle. The rigid pavement is selected as the research object, and the 3D finite element model of pavement is established through calculation and demonstration. In the study of time domain signal, the obtained vehicle random load is applied to the established pavement model, and the influence of structural layer parameters on the dynamic displacement of pavement and the tensile stress at the bottom of the pavement is discussed emphatically. through the analysis and study of the calculation results, A better combination of structural layer parameters is proposed. 4, a method is proposed to solve the fundamental frequency of pavement by applying transient impact load on the finite element model of pavement and analyzing the spectrum of the extracted acceleration signal. It is compared with the traditional modal analysis method. The results show that the calculation results of modal analysis depend on the size of the finite model and can not reflect the vibration of the pavement, while the vehicle-pavement coupling vibration method obtains the fundamental frequency value of the pavement by processing the acceleration signal. It can reflect the dynamic characteristics of pavement, so the fundamental frequency of pavement solved by vehicle-pavement coupling vibration method is more in line with the reality. 5. With the help of MATLAB finite element software, the main frequency is obtained by solving the power spectral density of vehicle random load. The influence of different factors on the main frequency of vehicle random load is analyzed. The vehicle-pavement coupling vibration method is used to solve the pavement fundamental frequency, and the influence of each factor on the pavement fundamental frequency is analyzed. The dynamic response values of pavement under the main frequency of random load and the fundamental frequency of pavement are calculated. Through the analysis of the calculation results, the design suggestions to reduce the forced vibration of pavement are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)民航大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U416.2

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