發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-10 07:03

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展,我國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界跨海越江工程建設(shè)的主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng),陸續(xù)建成了多座跨海越江大型橋梁。僅浙江省內(nèi)就有杭州灣跨海大橋、舟山跨海大橋、象山港跨海大橋、嘉紹越江大橋等。另外,廣東省舉世矚目的港珠澳大橋主體工程已基本完工。這些跨河流、跨海灣的大型橋梁通達(dá)了陸路交通,但對(duì)于通航船舶來(lái)說(shuō),橋梁卻是障礙物。船橋相撞事件時(shí)有發(fā)生,嚴(yán)重的船橋相撞事故不但造成船毀人亡、橋梁倒塌、還可能由于船體破損泄漏進(jìn)一步造成環(huán)境災(zāi)難,經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和社會(huì)影響巨大。如何避免或減輕船舶與橋梁相撞的災(zāi)難性后果,是當(dāng)前具有廣泛意義的國(guó)際性課題,日益引起各國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界、工程界和橋梁管理部門的共同關(guān)注。因此,為了避免和減少船撞橋嚴(yán)重安全事故的發(fā)生,積極開(kāi)展橋梁防船撞技術(shù)的研究具有極其重要的意義。針對(duì)非通航孔橋墩防船撞,研發(fā)的一種自適應(yīng)船舶攔阻網(wǎng)技術(shù),主要由系泊大浮體、系泊錨鏈和固定錨、自適應(yīng)小浮筒、攔阻網(wǎng)、恒阻力纜繩以及觸發(fā)鋼索所組成。闡述了該防撞裝置設(shè)計(jì)原理,即偏航船舶撞擊該防撞裝置,小浮筒會(huì)帶動(dòng)攔阻網(wǎng)自適應(yīng)地從水平狀態(tài)豎起展開(kāi),包裹住來(lái)撞船首,再通過(guò)相連浮體的運(yùn)動(dòng)阻力和恒阻力纜繩來(lái)吸收船舶動(dòng)能,攔阻住船舶,保護(hù)非通航孔橋墩安全。簡(jiǎn)單介紹了課題組在福建平潭海峽大橋非通航孔附近海域?qū)嵤┑膶?shí)船撞擊自適應(yīng)攔阻網(wǎng)防撞裝置的大型試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示:自適應(yīng)攔阻網(wǎng)成功升起,船舶被安全攔阻,從而實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)了設(shè)計(jì)原理與設(shè)計(jì)方案的可行性和可靠性。本論文應(yīng)用勢(shì)流理論和波浪的輻射/衍射理論,基于水動(dòng)力分析程序AQWA,在時(shí)域內(nèi)對(duì)自適應(yīng)防船撞攔阻裝置在攔阻一艘1000噸級(jí)貨輪時(shí)的攔阻過(guò)程進(jìn)行數(shù)值仿真。在建模過(guò)程中巧妙利用在觸發(fā)繩索處設(shè)置小浮塊來(lái)作為船舶與攔截繩索之間的接觸點(diǎn),讓小浮塊來(lái)代替繩索與船舶之間的接觸,解決了船舶與繩索間難以設(shè)置接觸的問(wèn)題。并使用AQWA中Cable Winch和Cable Failure功能來(lái)為船舶設(shè)置不同的初始速度,從而建立了一套簡(jiǎn)便、快捷、完整的針對(duì)自適應(yīng)船舶攔阻裝置的水動(dòng)力計(jì)算技術(shù)流程。將數(shù)值計(jì)算的結(jié)果與實(shí)船撞擊試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)船舶減速時(shí)程曲線兩者一致性非常好,自適應(yīng)小浮筒抬升角度的計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果也比較接近,說(shuō)明了數(shù)值仿真具有較好的計(jì)算精度和可靠性,能夠?yàn)樵摲雷惭b置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化提供重要的參考。在此基礎(chǔ)之上進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬分析了攔阻裝置在沒(méi)有船舶撞擊的情況下,不同工況和不同系泊形式對(duì)攔阻設(shè)施耐波性能的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)在中浪海況下的攔截系統(tǒng)對(duì)波浪的敏感性要強(qiáng),但是運(yùn)動(dòng)相對(duì)緩和,而巨浪情況下則運(yùn)動(dòng)較為劇烈。分析攔阻裝置的關(guān)鍵影響參數(shù)如浮體的系泊形式、觸發(fā)索根數(shù)、自適應(yīng)浮筒的間距、系泊錨鏈的長(zhǎng)度、船舶的迎撞角等對(duì)攔阻設(shè)施的攔阻性能的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)浮體的系泊形式和系泊錨鏈的長(zhǎng)度對(duì)攔阻設(shè)施的攔阻性能具有比較明顯的影響。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economic construction, China has become the main battlefield of the world's cross-sea-crossing project, and the large-scale bridges across the sea and the river have been built in succession. Only in Zhejiang Province, there are Hangzhou Bay Cross-sea Bridge, Zhoushan Cross-sea Bridge, Xiangshan Port Cross-sea Bridge, Jiashao River Bridge, and so on. In addition, the main works of the world-renowned Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in Guangdong Province have been basically completed. The large bridges across the river, across the bay, have access to land traffic, but for navigable ships, the bridge is an obstacle. The collision between the bridge and the bridge often happens, and the serious ship bridge collision accident not only causes the ship to be destroyed, the bridge collapses, but also can cause environmental disaster, economic loss and social influence due to the damage of the ship body. How to avoid or mitigate the catastrophic consequences of a collision between a ship and a bridge is an international subject that is of great significance, and is attracting more and more attention from the academic, engineering and bridge management departments of all countries. Therefore, in order to avoid and reduce the serious safety accident of the bridge, it is of great significance to carry out the research of the bridge anti-ship collision technology. The invention relates to a self-adaptive ship arresting net technology for a non-navigable-hole bridge pier anti-ship collision and development, which is mainly composed of a mooring large floating body, a mooring anchor chain and a fixed anchor, an adaptive small buoy, a blocking net, a constant resistance cable and a trigger steel cable. The design principle of the anti-collision device is described, that is, the yaw ship impacts the anti-collision device, And the safety of the non-navigable-hole piers is protected. This paper briefly introduces the large-scale test of the anti-collision device of a real-ship impact self-adaptive blocking net which is implemented by the research group in the sea area near the non-navigation hole of the Fujian Pingtan Channel Bridge. The results show that the self-adaptive blocking net is lifted successfully and the ship is safely blocked. So that the feasibility and the reliability of the design principle and the design scheme are proved. This paper applies the theory of potential flow and the radiation/ diffraction theory of the wave, and based on the water-power analysis program AQWA, the self-adaptive anti-ship collision arresting device is simulated by numerical simulation in the time domain. In the modeling process, a small floating block is arranged at the trigger rope to act as a contact point between the ship and the intercepting rope, and the small floating block is used for replacing the contact between the rope and the ship, and the problem that the ship and the rope are difficult to set contact is solved. And using the Cable Winch and the Cable Failure function in the AQWA to set different initial speeds for the ship, thereby establishing a simple, fast and complete water power computing technology flow aiming at the self-adapting ship arresting device. The result of the numerical calculation is compared with the real-ship impact test. The results show that the consistency of the two-way curve is very good, the result of the self-adaptive small-buoy lifting angle is close to the experimental results, and the numerical simulation has good accuracy and reliability. And can provide an important reference for the structural design and the optimization of the anti-collision device. On the basis of the numerical simulation, the influence of the arresting device under the condition of no ship collision, different working conditions and different mooring forms on the wave resistance of the arresting facility is analyzed, and it is found that the interception system under the condition of the medium wave is strong in the wave sensitivity, but the movement is relatively mild, In that case of a great wave, the movement is more severe. the key influencing parameters of the arresting device such as the mooring form of the floating body, the number of the triggering cables, the spacing of the self-adapting pontoons, the length of the mooring chain, the impact angle of the ship and the like are analyzed, It was found that the mooring pattern of the floating body and the length of the mooring chain had a significant effect on the arresting performance of the arresting facility.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U443.26

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本文編號(hào)：2496268