雅康高速飛仙關(guān)紅層隧道特大涌突水機理分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-27 09:51
【摘要】：隨著我國社會、經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展,隧道越來越多。隧道涌水常發(fā)生在施工的意料之外,往往造成巨大損失。正是由于涌水災(zāi)害的危害性和突然性,因此,加強隧道涌水的研究,具有非常重要的意義。大型隧道涌水常發(fā)生于巖溶發(fā)育的地區(qū),在紅層地區(qū)隧道涌水量較小,然而雅康高速飛仙關(guān)紅層隧道發(fā)生特大涌突水,涌水量達15萬m3/d,非常罕見。且對于紅層隧道的研究非常稀少,特別是對特大涌水紅層隧道的研究幾乎沒有,并且隧道所在向斜構(gòu)造特殊地質(zhì)條件就有典型性,對飛仙關(guān)隧道的研究可在填補國內(nèi)對于這一課題的空白。因此首先采用水溫、水化學(xué)分析及聚類分析方法,判斷表層地下水與隧道涌水不是同一水力系統(tǒng),推斷隧道涌水與地表水系存在聯(lián)系。進而采用水化學(xué)示蹤分析法,對隧道涌水、地表河流、各水文單元典型泉點進行重金屬水化學(xué)相關(guān)性分析,得出隧道涌水與地表河流具有較高的相關(guān)性,隧道涌水與地表河流具有相同重金屬離子,確定隧道涌水與地表河流存在水力聯(lián)系。通過理論分析,隧道涌水主要是通過層間錯動帶的強透水層得到補給,補給來源為滎經(jīng)河與始陽河,存在順層順軸與順層繞軸兩種滲流模式。隧道涌突水開始時出現(xiàn)的瞬時高壓,是始陽河一側(cè)高水頭造成。為了驗證隧道涌水的分析結(jié)果,研究隧道在順軸、繞軸兩種滲流模式下的水文地質(zhì)特征,將順軸、繞軸兩種涌突水模式進行物理模擬試驗,研究隧道涌突水來源及其機理。物理模擬試驗中,將隧道涌水可能出現(xiàn)的各種情況進行逐一模擬,通過各試驗組涌水量衰減方程與隧道實際涌水量衰減方程擬合相關(guān)性,探討隧道涌水在這一過程特征。研究飛仙關(guān)隧道,對飛仙關(guān)隧道涌突水來源及機理進行探討,主要取得以下結(jié)論:(1)根據(jù)水溫、水化學(xué)及系統(tǒng)聚類分析,確定隧道涌水主要水源地表河流。(2)研究區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜,產(chǎn)生大量的裂隙、縫隙,形成復(fù)雜的多層(砂巖層)裂隙儲水、導(dǎo)水網(wǎng)絡(luò)。(3)物理模擬試驗與實際地質(zhì)體之間有很好的吻合,對地質(zhì)體進行了真實的再現(xiàn)與模擬,物理模擬試驗過程真實可信,所得數(shù)據(jù)真實可靠。(4)飛仙關(guān)隧道涌水過程中存在順軸、繞軸兩種涌突水模式,并存在層間錯動帶。(5)水流主要通過層間錯動帶向隧道排泄,為隧道涌水主要通道,隧道涌水存在優(yōu)勢通道,與地表河流存在水力聯(lián)系。(6)飛仙關(guān)隧道涌水初期主要涌水來源來自于地質(zhì)體中地下水靜儲量,隨著靜儲量的排泄,隧道涌水逐漸以地表河流為主要來源。滎經(jīng)河為主要涌水來源,始陽河為次要涌水來源。(7)初始高壓是來自于始陽河一側(cè)的高水頭,在隧道施工揭露基巖主干網(wǎng)絡(luò)的瞬間產(chǎn)生涌水,使得巖體中水體差生壓差,將向斜NW翼由始陽河入滲的水量以倒虹吸的形式貫通,造成瞬時高壓涌出的現(xiàn)象,而后水壓迅速釋放。(8)紅層地區(qū)隧道在某些特殊復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)條件下也可以發(fā)生大規(guī)模涌突水,并非傳統(tǒng)上認為的紅層地區(qū)及是貧水區(qū)。并且紅層隧道涌水也有自身特點,與傳統(tǒng)巖溶等易發(fā)大型涌突水隧道有顯著不同。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our society and economy, the tunnel is getting more and more. The surge of the tunnel often occurs in the construction, often causing great loss. It is of great importance to strengthen the study of the water inflow of the tunnel because of the danger and the chance of the flood disaster. The water inflow of large-scale tunnel is often in the area of the karst development. In the red-layer area, the water inflow is small. However, the water-inrush of the Jang high-speed Feixianguan-guan red-layer tunnel, with the water inflow of 150,000 m3/ d, is very rare. In addition, the research on the red-layer tunnel is very rare, especially the research of the tunnel of the king-bed water-red layer is almost no, and the special geological conditions are typical in the synclinal structure of the tunnel, and the research on the Feixianguan Tunnel can be used to fill the gap in this topic in China. Therefore, firstly, the water temperature, water chemical analysis and cluster analysis method are used to judge that the surface water and the water in the tunnel are not the same hydraulic system, and it is concluded that the water inflow of the tunnel is related to the surface water system. in addition, that water chemical trace analysis method is adopt to carry out the heavy metal hydrochemical correlation analysis on the typical spring point of the tunnel water, the surface river and each hydrological unit to obtain the high correlation between the water inflow of the tunnel and the surface river, and the tunnel water inflow and the surface river have the same heavy metal ion, It is determined that the water in the tunnel is in hydraulic connection with the surface river. Through the analysis of the theory, the water inflow of the tunnel is mainly supplied by the strong permeable layer of the interlayer dislocation zone, and the supply source is the two seepage modes of the cis-layer and the original-yang river, and the two seepage modes of the smooth layer and the smooth layer are existed. The instantaneous high pressure at the beginning of the water inrush in the tunnel is caused by the high water head on the side of the starting-yang river. In order to verify the results of the analysis of the water inflow in the tunnel, the hydrogeologic features of the tunnel under the two seepage modes of the shaft and the shaft are studied. In the physical simulation test, a case-by-case simulation of the water inflow of the tunnel is carried out, and the correlation between the water inflow attenuation equation of each test group and the actual water inflow attenuation equation of the tunnel is simulated, and the characteristic of the water inflow in the tunnel is discussed. The source and mechanism of water inrush from Feixianguan Tunnel were discussed, and the following conclusions were obtained: (1) The main water source of the tunnel was determined according to the water temperature, water chemistry and systematic cluster analysis. (2) The geological structure in the study area is complicated, and a large amount of cracks and crevices are generated, and a complex multi-layer (sandstone layer) fracture water storage and water guide network are formed. (3) There is a good agreement between the physical simulation test and the actual geological body, the real reproduction and the simulation of the geological body are carried out, the physical simulation test process is real and reliable, and the obtained data is real and reliable. (4) In the process of water inflow of Feixianguan Tunnel, there are two kinds of water-bursting modes around the shaft, and there is an interlaminar fault zone. (5) The water flow is mainly discharged to the tunnel through the inter-layer cross-moving belt, which is the main channel of the tunnel water inflow, and there is an advantage channel in the water inflow of the tunnel, and the water flow is in hydraulic connection with the surface river. (6) The main source of water in the initial water of Feixianguan Tunnel is from the static reserve of the groundwater in the geological body. With the discharge of the static reserves, the water of the tunnel is gradually taken as the main source of the surface river. The river is the main source of water, and the beginning of the river is the source of the secondary water. (7) the initial high pressure is a high water head from one side of the initial yanghe river, and the water inflow is generated at the moment of the tunnel construction to expose the main network of the bedrock, so that the differential pressure of the water body in the rock mass is caused to pass through in the form of an inverted siphon, and the phenomenon of instantaneous high-pressure gushing is caused, And then the water pressure is quickly released. (8) In the red-layer area, large-scale water-inrush may occur under some special and complicated geological conditions, which is not traditionally regarded as the red-layer area and the water-poor area. And the water-inrush of the red-layer tunnel also has its own characteristics, which is significantly different from that of the large-scale water-inrush tunnel, such as the traditional karst.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U457
本文編號：2506692
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our society and economy, the tunnel is getting more and more. The surge of the tunnel often occurs in the construction, often causing great loss. It is of great importance to strengthen the study of the water inflow of the tunnel because of the danger and the chance of the flood disaster. The water inflow of large-scale tunnel is often in the area of the karst development. In the red-layer area, the water inflow is small. However, the water-inrush of the Jang high-speed Feixianguan-guan red-layer tunnel, with the water inflow of 150,000 m3/ d, is very rare. In addition, the research on the red-layer tunnel is very rare, especially the research of the tunnel of the king-bed water-red layer is almost no, and the special geological conditions are typical in the synclinal structure of the tunnel, and the research on the Feixianguan Tunnel can be used to fill the gap in this topic in China. Therefore, firstly, the water temperature, water chemical analysis and cluster analysis method are used to judge that the surface water and the water in the tunnel are not the same hydraulic system, and it is concluded that the water inflow of the tunnel is related to the surface water system. in addition, that water chemical trace analysis method is adopt to carry out the heavy metal hydrochemical correlation analysis on the typical spring point of the tunnel water, the surface river and each hydrological unit to obtain the high correlation between the water inflow of the tunnel and the surface river, and the tunnel water inflow and the surface river have the same heavy metal ion, It is determined that the water in the tunnel is in hydraulic connection with the surface river. Through the analysis of the theory, the water inflow of the tunnel is mainly supplied by the strong permeable layer of the interlayer dislocation zone, and the supply source is the two seepage modes of the cis-layer and the original-yang river, and the two seepage modes of the smooth layer and the smooth layer are existed. The instantaneous high pressure at the beginning of the water inrush in the tunnel is caused by the high water head on the side of the starting-yang river. In order to verify the results of the analysis of the water inflow in the tunnel, the hydrogeologic features of the tunnel under the two seepage modes of the shaft and the shaft are studied. In the physical simulation test, a case-by-case simulation of the water inflow of the tunnel is carried out, and the correlation between the water inflow attenuation equation of each test group and the actual water inflow attenuation equation of the tunnel is simulated, and the characteristic of the water inflow in the tunnel is discussed. The source and mechanism of water inrush from Feixianguan Tunnel were discussed, and the following conclusions were obtained: (1) The main water source of the tunnel was determined according to the water temperature, water chemistry and systematic cluster analysis. (2) The geological structure in the study area is complicated, and a large amount of cracks and crevices are generated, and a complex multi-layer (sandstone layer) fracture water storage and water guide network are formed. (3) There is a good agreement between the physical simulation test and the actual geological body, the real reproduction and the simulation of the geological body are carried out, the physical simulation test process is real and reliable, and the obtained data is real and reliable. (4) In the process of water inflow of Feixianguan Tunnel, there are two kinds of water-bursting modes around the shaft, and there is an interlaminar fault zone. (5) The water flow is mainly discharged to the tunnel through the inter-layer cross-moving belt, which is the main channel of the tunnel water inflow, and there is an advantage channel in the water inflow of the tunnel, and the water flow is in hydraulic connection with the surface river. (6) The main source of water in the initial water of Feixianguan Tunnel is from the static reserve of the groundwater in the geological body. With the discharge of the static reserves, the water of the tunnel is gradually taken as the main source of the surface river. The river is the main source of water, and the beginning of the river is the source of the secondary water. (7) the initial high pressure is a high water head from one side of the initial yanghe river, and the water inflow is generated at the moment of the tunnel construction to expose the main network of the bedrock, so that the differential pressure of the water body in the rock mass is caused to pass through in the form of an inverted siphon, and the phenomenon of instantaneous high-pressure gushing is caused, And then the water pressure is quickly released. (8) In the red-layer area, large-scale water-inrush may occur under some special and complicated geological conditions, which is not traditionally regarded as the red-layer area and the water-poor area. And the water-inrush of the red-layer tunnel also has its own characteristics, which is significantly different from that of the large-scale water-inrush tunnel, such as the traditional karst.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U457
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