我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域的興起與公民意識的變遷
本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域的興起與公民意識的變遷，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域的興起與公民意識的變遷
我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域的興起與公民意識的變遷
近年來,伴隨著一系列重大網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共事件的出現(xiàn),我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出蓬勃發(fā)展的勢頭,網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域?qū)ξ覈裰鞣ㄖ谓ㄔO(shè)的影響也引起了學(xué)者們的普遍關(guān)注,本文主要探討網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域的興起對作為民主法治之社會心理基礎(chǔ)的公民意識所產(chǎn)生的影響。歷史證明,技術(shù)的發(fā)展往往是把雙刃劍,依托于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域?qū)褚庾R的影響自然也具有雙面效應(yīng)。據(jù)此,本文主要分三大部分對這一不足進行了探討：第一部分：公民意識與公共領(lǐng)域的基本概念一般認為,國籍、權(quán)利和義務(wù)構(gòu)成了公民概念的核心,筆者從公民概念出發(fā)來界定公民意識,并將公民意識抽象為自主意識、參與意識和法治意識。西方公共領(lǐng)域理論十分龐雜,筆者主要借用了哈貝馬斯的公共領(lǐng)域理論來對網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域作出概念界定,并認為網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域具有開放性、交互性、批判性和公共利益指向性等特點。第二部分：網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域與公民意識的生長為展現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域?qū)褡灾饕庾R和參與意識的正面影響,筆者把個人自主意識和參與意識在我國的歷史發(fā)展作為淺析淺析的背景和起點,揭示了網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域在提升公民思想自由,培育公共精神,實現(xiàn)市民性自主意識向公民性自主意識的飛躍所起的作用；以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域在提高公民政治效能感,實現(xiàn)公民由抗爭意識向協(xié)商意識的轉(zhuǎn)型所發(fā)揮的積極影響。第三部分：網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域?qū)穹ㄖ斡^念的沖擊當前我國持續(xù)拉大的貧富差距以及由權(quán)力腐敗所導(dǎo)致的社會不公引起了人們對社會的普遍不滿,社會出現(xiàn)了斷裂傾向,精英階層和普通民眾的對立情緒開始蔓延至網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域,經(jīng)由網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間內(nèi)群體極化機制的放大,這種對立情緒發(fā)展成為一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)民粹主義,其與法學(xué)學(xué)者、律師和法官等法律職業(yè)者的糾纏,嚴重損害了司法權(quán)威,人們對司法公正的判斷不再基于法律,而更加看重當事人的“精英”或者“底層”身份,身份替代了法律,公民法治意識遭受毀滅性沖擊。結(jié)論部分,經(jīng)由對當前網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域參與者的階層淺析淺析,筆者認為當前網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與者主要位于社會中層,這一方面說明了網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域本身的不自足性；另外也說明,社會中層政治態(tài)度的復(fù)雜性以及當前其政治態(tài)度向下層偏向的趨勢,使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域正面效應(yīng)的發(fā)揮可能并不明顯,網(wǎng)絡(luò)民粹主義及其負面影響可能更加鮮明。但是,網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域畢竟給予普通公民一分推進民主法治進程的力量和理想,這是我們不斷前行的動力。
【Abstract】 With the occurrence of several internet public events during recent years, a momentum of vigorous development has emerged in internet public sphere, by which the impact caused on construction of democracy and rule of law has also aroused the academic concern. The focal point of this paper is thus the impact of the growth in internet public sphere upon citizen consciousness. As the history proved, the development of technology is always like a rapier, and hence so is the impact of internet public sphere upon citizen consciousness, which relies on internet technology. Based on this point, this paper is divided into three parts:Part I:Basic concept of citizen consciousness and public sphereIt is generally recognized that nationality, right and duty are the core components of concept of citizen. In this part, the citizen consciousness is defined on the basis of concept of citizen and abstracted as independent consciousness, political participation consciousness and legality consciousness. The internet public sphere, which features openness, interactivity, criticalness, public interest directness, etc, is defined by adopting Jiirgen Habermas’s theory of public sphere in this paper.Part II:Internet public sphere and the growth of citizen consciousnessThis paper analyzes the positive effects of internet public sphere upon citizen independent consciousness and sense of participation against the background and on the basis of their historical variation in China, and illustrates the positive role of internet public sphere in promoting citizen’s freedom of thought, fostering public spirit, accomplishing the transition from private independent consciousness towards public independent consciousness, developing citizen’s sense of political efficacy and accelerating the evolution of resistance consciousness to negotiation consciousness.PartⅢ:Legality Consciousness under attack of internet public sphere There is a widespread resentment against society because of the rising wealth gap and unjustness generated by power corruption, and with a tendency of social cleavage, the antagonism between common people and elite class starts to spread through the internet and is group polarized in this cyber space. When the internet populism is shaped due to the aggravation of antagonism, judicial authority will inextricably be outraged since its entanglement with legal professionals such as scholars, lawyers and judges. Under this circumstance people’s attitude towards judicial justness is no more based on law but the "elite class" or "underclass" status of litigant parties, which apparently gives the legality consciousness a destructive attack.ConclusionThrough the analysis of the social classes of participators in internet public sphere, it can be concluded that middle class are the major internet participators, which indicates the self-insufficiency of internet public sphere on one hand, on the other hand, the complexity of political attitude of middle class and the tendency of its partiality to under class may impair the positive effects of internet public sphere while accentuate the negative effects and internet populism. For average citizens, internet public sphere nevertheless provides the strength and means of carrying forward democracy and rule of law to some extent, which is also the important motivation for our persistent effort.
【關(guān)鍵詞】 網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域； 公民意識； 民主法治；【Key words】 Internet Public Sphere； Citizen Consciousness； Democracy and Rule of Law；
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本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共領(lǐng)域的興起與公民意識的變遷，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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