發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-19 05:37

  本文選題：創(chuàng)傷 + 注意瞬脫��； 參考：《深圳大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：創(chuàng)傷后壓力反應(yīng)(post-traumatic stress reaction,PTSR)是個(gè)體在暴露于創(chuàng)傷事件后的合理反應(yīng),它并不滿足臨床上創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙(post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。經(jīng)歷過(guò)創(chuàng)傷事件的個(gè)體會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同程度的應(yīng)激反應(yīng),但是只有一部分人會(huì)成為PTSD患者。在創(chuàng)傷學(xué)的研究領(lǐng)域中,研究者多以PTSD患者為被試,很少有人在個(gè)體經(jīng)歷創(chuàng)傷事件后早期階段就對(duì)非PTSD的個(gè)體進(jìn)行研究。但這樣的研究對(duì)PTSD的發(fā)展及其早期預(yù)防和干預(yù)有著重要的意義。目前對(duì)PTSD的認(rèn)知功能的研究大多從注意的空間角度入手,極少有人從時(shí)間維度考察其信息加工過(guò)程。另外,大多數(shù)研究用行為學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究其認(rèn)知功能損傷或采用影像學(xué)研究觀察其腦區(qū)激活情況,卻很少有運(yùn)用事件相關(guān)電位(event related potentials)技術(shù)從加工時(shí)程上分析其認(rèn)知加工特點(diǎn)的。因此,本研究運(yùn)用實(shí)驗(yàn)室創(chuàng)傷模擬范式誘發(fā)被試在創(chuàng)傷暴露后早期階段的創(chuàng)傷后壓力反應(yīng),通過(guò)行為實(shí)驗(yàn)和ERP實(shí)驗(yàn)探討其對(duì)創(chuàng)傷刺激的認(rèn)知加工的特點(diǎn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用2(組別:創(chuàng)傷暴露組,控制組)×2(T1圖片類型:創(chuàng)傷圖,中性圖)×4(T2延遲位置:lag2,lag3,lag4,lag6)的三因素混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),采用連續(xù)快速呈現(xiàn)范式(RSVP),從時(shí)間維度考察了38名控制組被試和28名創(chuàng)傷暴露被試對(duì)創(chuàng)傷信刺激加工的注意瞬脫效應(yīng)(attentional blink)。結(jié)果顯示,lag2、lag3條件下,創(chuàng)傷暴露條件下被試對(duì)創(chuàng)傷刺激T1后的T2探測(cè)率顯著低于控制組被試,即表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的注意瞬脫。Lag4、lag6條件下,創(chuàng)傷暴露被試與控制組被試T2探測(cè)率無(wú)顯著差異,但是創(chuàng)傷暴露組的探測(cè)率依然低于控制組。為進(jìn)一步闡明創(chuàng)傷暴露個(gè)體注意瞬脫的ERP特征,實(shí)驗(yàn)二在實(shí)驗(yàn)一的基礎(chǔ)上采用2(組別:創(chuàng)傷暴露組,控制組)×2(T1圖片類型:創(chuàng)傷圖,中性圖)×2(lag:lag2,lag6)三因素混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)23名控制組被試和24名創(chuàng)傷暴露被試進(jìn)行了ERP研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,與中性圖片相比創(chuàng)傷圖片誘發(fā)了兩組被試更強(qiáng)的N1、P2、N300、P3成分。同時(shí),創(chuàng)傷圖片誘發(fā)了創(chuàng)傷暴露被試比控制組被試更大的P2、P3波幅和更短的P3潛伏期,但兩組被試的N3波幅差異不顯著。本研究結(jié)論為:(1)創(chuàng)傷暴露條件下和控制條件下個(gè)體都對(duì)威脅性刺激有更強(qiáng)的注意偏向。(2)創(chuàng)傷暴露后,個(gè)體對(duì)創(chuàng)傷刺激表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的注意瞬脫效應(yīng),說(shuō)明創(chuàng)傷暴露個(gè)體對(duì)創(chuàng)傷信息更強(qiáng)的注意偏向,而其延遲恢復(fù)的瞬脫效應(yīng)提示其對(duì)創(chuàng)傷線索的注意解除困難。(3)創(chuàng)傷暴露個(gè)體信息加工的晚期階段依然對(duì)創(chuàng)傷刺激投入更多的認(rèn)知資源,證明了個(gè)體創(chuàng)傷暴露后早期階段對(duì)創(chuàng)傷刺激注意解除困難的特點(diǎn)。(4)創(chuàng)傷暴露后早期階段,個(gè)體對(duì)創(chuàng)傷刺激有更快的記憶鞏固速度。
[Abstract]:Post traumatic stress reaction (PTSRs) is a reasonable response of individuals after exposure to traumatic events, and it does not meet the diagnostic criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals who have experienced traumatic events experience varying levels of stress, but only a few become PTSD patients. In the field of traumatology, most of the subjects were PTSD patients, and few of them studied non-PTSD individuals at the early stage of post-traumatic events. However, such studies are of great significance to the development of PTSD and its early prevention and intervention. At present, most of the researches on the cognitive function of PTSD begin from the spatial perspective of attention, and few people investigate the process of information processing from the time dimension. In addition, most of the studies used behavioral experiments to study cognitive impairment or imaging studies to observe the activation of the brain area, but few of them used event-related potential related potentialstechnique to analyze the characteristics of cognitive processing in the processing time course. Therefore, the laboratory trauma simulation paradigm was used to induce post-traumatic stress response in the early stage of post-traumatic exposure, and the characteristics of cognitive processing of trauma stimulation were investigated by behavioral experiments and ERP experiments. Experiment 1 was designed by using a three-factor hybrid experimental design of 2 (group: trauma exposure group, control group) 脳 2(T1 image type: trauma map, neutral image, 脳 4(T2 delay position: 1 / lag2 / lag3 / lag4 / lag6). Using a continuous rapid presentation paradigm, 38 subjects in the control group and 28 subjects in the trauma exposure group were investigated from the time dimension on the attentional blink effect on the processing of trauma signal stimulation. The results showed that under the condition of lag2 / lag3, the detection rate of T2 after trauma stimulation was significantly lower under trauma exposure than that in control group, that is, under the condition of more attentional transient. Lag4 lag6, the detection rate of T 2 after trauma stimulation was significantly lower than that of control group. There was no significant difference in T2 detection rate between the trauma exposure group and the control group, but the detection rate in the trauma exposure group was still lower than that in the control group. In order to further elucidate the ERP characteristics of attentional blink in individuals exposed to trauma, experimental 2 (group: trauma exposure group, control group) 脳 2(T1 image type: trauma map, neutral image, 脳 2% lag2lag6) was used on the basis of experiment 1. A ERP study was conducted in 23 control group subjects and 24 trauma exposure subjects. The results showed that trauma images induced a stronger component of N1P2N300 P3 in the two groups than in the neutral images. At the same time, trauma images induced greater P2P 3 amplitude and shorter P3 latency than those in the control group, but there was no significant difference in N3 amplitude between the two groups. The results showed that: (1) under the condition of trauma exposure and the condition of control, the individual had a stronger attention bias to the threatening stimulus. (2) after the trauma exposure, the individual showed a stronger attentional transient effect on the trauma stimulus. It shows that the individual exposed to trauma is more attentive to the information of trauma, The transient effect of delayed recovery suggests that its attention to trauma cues is difficult. 3) the late stage of information processing of trauma exposure individuals still devote more cognitive resources to trauma stimulation. It is proved that in the early stage of post-traumatic exposure, the individual has a faster speed of memory consolidation in the early stage of post-traumatic exposure than in the early stage of post-traumatic exposure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：深圳大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

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