發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-31 11:05

【摘要】：跨期選擇是指個(gè)體對(duì)不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)成本與收益進(jìn)行權(quán)衡,進(jìn)而做出判斷和選擇的行為。跨期選擇最早開始于19世紀(jì)的哲學(xué)研究,直到上個(gè)世紀(jì)以后才引起社會(huì)學(xué)家、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家的關(guān)注�？缙谶x擇不僅關(guān)系到個(gè)人的健康、幸福與財(cái)富,同時(shí)也影響到國家和世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和健康程度。研究跨期選擇,可以幫助人們認(rèn)清在生活中做出不合理行為的原因,并且有助于探討吸煙成癮、酒精成癮、病理性賭博、暴飲暴食、注意缺陷、多動(dòng)障礙等一系列行為障礙和心理精神疾病的起因。個(gè)體的跨期選擇行為受到諸如情緒、框架效應(yīng)等因素的影響。研究中,多用時(shí)間折扣率來衡量個(gè)體的跨期選擇行為。 本研究在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,采用E-prime軟件編制程序,通過三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)地探討了測量情境、時(shí)間框架、對(duì)跨期選擇行為的影響,以及誘發(fā)應(yīng)激狀態(tài)后,個(gè)體的跨期選擇行為是否有所改變。結(jié)合被試狀態(tài)與外部條件來考察個(gè)體的跨期選擇行為。 預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模候?yàn)證前人研究跨期選擇時(shí)出現(xiàn)的的“動(dòng)態(tài)不一致性”現(xiàn)象。方法：從某高校體育學(xué)院選出60名被試,采用時(shí)間框架2(具體時(shí)間VS延遲時(shí)間)的單因素被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì),通過被試的選項(xiàng)計(jì)算時(shí)間折扣率。結(jié)果：被試在具體時(shí)間框架下的時(shí)間折扣率顯著高于延遲時(shí)間框架下的時(shí)間折扣率。結(jié)論：在個(gè)體的跨期選擇中確實(shí)存在“動(dòng)態(tài)不一致性”現(xiàn)象。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一目的：考察損失情境中是否會(huì)出現(xiàn)“動(dòng)態(tài)不一致性”現(xiàn)象。方法：從某高校體育學(xué)院選出60名被試,采用2(收益情境VS損失情境)x2(具體時(shí)間框架VS延遲時(shí)間框架)的二因素被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì),通過被試的選項(xiàng)計(jì)算時(shí)間折扣率。結(jié)果：實(shí)驗(yàn)中測量情境、時(shí)間框架的主效應(yīng)以及測量情境和時(shí)間框架的交互作用均顯著。結(jié)論：損失情境中也出現(xiàn)跨期選擇中的“動(dòng)態(tài)不一致性”現(xiàn)象,在跨期選擇中不能忽略損失情境這一影響因素。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二目的：探討應(yīng)激狀態(tài)對(duì)不同條件下個(gè)體跨期選擇行為的影響。方法：從某高校體育學(xué)院選出60名被試,采用2(收益情境VS損失情境)x2(具體時(shí)間框架VS延遲時(shí)間框架)x2(應(yīng)激狀態(tài)VS正常狀態(tài))的三因素完全隨機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),通過被試的選項(xiàng)計(jì)算時(shí)間折扣率。結(jié)果：1)無應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下,個(gè)體的跨期選擇行為不存在時(shí)間框架在收益和損失情境中的分離；2)相比于正常狀態(tài),應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下被試在損失情境下比收益情境下更傾向于選擇較近較小的選擇；3)收益情境時(shí),被試在應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下比在正常狀態(tài)下更容易選擇較近較小的選項(xiàng),而在損失情境中更容易選擇較大較遠(yuǎn)的選項(xiàng)；被試在具體時(shí)間框架下比在延遲框架下更容易選擇較近較小的選項(xiàng),而在損失情境時(shí)不存在這種差異；4)具體時(shí)間框架時(shí),被試在應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下比在正常狀態(tài)下更容易選擇較近較小的選項(xiàng),而在延遲時(shí)間框架時(shí)這種差異不明顯。結(jié)論：應(yīng)激狀態(tài)會(huì)對(duì)被試的跨期選擇行為造成影響,并且在不同的條件下影響不同。 總之,應(yīng)激狀態(tài)對(duì)個(gè)體跨期選擇的影響同測量情境和時(shí)間框架有顯著的交互作用,對(duì)不同條件下的跨期選擇影響也存在差異,未來的研究可以深入探討這些差異的神經(jīng)機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Cross-period selection refers to the individual's trade-off between cost and income of different time points, and then makes judgment and selection behavior. The first began in the 19th century philosophical research, until the last century has attracted the attention of sociologists, economists and psychologists. Cross-period selection not only affects the health, happiness and wealth of individuals, but also affects the economic prosperity and health of the country and the world. The study of cross-period selection can help people understand the causes of unreasonable behaviors in life, and help to explore the causes of a series of behavioral disorders such as smoking addiction, alcohol addiction, pathological gambling, overeating, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and mental illness. The cross-period selection behavior of an individual is influenced by factors such as mood, frame effect, etc. In the research, the multi-purpose time discount rate is used to measure the cross-period selection behavior of an individual. On the basis of the previous researches, the author uses the E-prime software to prepare the program, systematically discusses the measurement situation, the time frame, the influence on the cross-period selection behavior and the induced equilibrium state, and whether the individual's cross-period selection behavior is different. To examine the cross-phase selection of an individual in combination with the tested status and external conditions. Behavior. Pre-experimental purpose: To verify the 'dynamic inconsistency' phenomenon. Methods: 60 subjects were selected from a college physical education college, and the single factor with time frame 2 (specific time vs. delay time) was designed and calculated by the test option. Time discount rate. Result: The time discount rate tested under the specific time frame is significantly higher than that under the delay time frame Time discount rate. Conclusion: In the individual's cross-period selection, it does exist "dynamic input" phenomenon. Experiment One Objective: To investigate whether trunk> dynamic inconsistency is present in the loss scenario phenomenon. Method: 60 subjects were selected from a college physical education institute and two factors of 2 (income scenario vs. loss scenario) x2 (specific time frame vs. delay time frame) were designed to be tested by trial. Results: The main effect of the measurement situation and time frame in the experiment, as well as the measurement context and time frame. Conclusion: The 鈥渄ynamic inconsistency鈥，

本文編號(hào)：2301955