發(fā)布時間：2018-04-28 03:48

  本文選題：游泳動物 + 多樣性�。� 參考：《浙江海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文基于2013年春季與2014年春季對該海域游泳動物調(diào)查所獲得數(shù)據(jù)資料,研究溫州灣海域主要游泳動物不同類群間的所占據(jù)位置及功能關(guān)系。分析同一群落中物種之間相互作用的生態(tài)關(guān)系,對資源利用的共性。主要研究結(jié)果如下:溫州灣海域兩次拖網(wǎng)調(diào)查鑒定出游泳動物共計104種。其中六絲鈍尾蝦虎魚(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)、龍頭魚(Harpodon nehereus)、銀鯧(Pampus argenteus)這3種為優(yōu)勢種,共占漁獲物總尾數(shù)的52.78%,占漁獲物總重量的32.98%。生物多樣性指數(shù)在0.195~2.630之間,平均值為1.752,整體多樣性程度一般。豐富度指數(shù)D值在1.685~5.202之間,平均值為3.601,整體豐富度程度較好。均勻度指數(shù)J'值在0.007~0.857之間,平均值為0.550,整體均勻度程度一般。主要游泳動物共33種,根據(jù)攝食習(xí)慣對其功能群進行劃分,共7個功能群。碎屑食性功能群沒有出現(xiàn),底棲動物食性功能群處于絕對優(yōu)勢地位,占主要游泳動物功能群總尾數(shù)的70.86%,其中主要貢獻者為六絲鈍尾蝦虎魚、黑姑魚(Atrobucca nibe)、細螯蝦(Leptochela gracilis)等三種。各功能群平均營養(yǎng)級在3.02~4.35之間,主要游泳動物處于次級和中級的消費者占有重要比重,高級消費者在群落中比例過低。餌料生物過于單一化,營養(yǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)趨于簡單。主要游泳動物的生態(tài)位寬度值在0.07~5.60之間,變化較大,覆蓋度較大。其中生態(tài)位寬度值最大值為六絲鈍尾蝦虎魚(5.60),海鰻(Muraenesox cinereus)為生態(tài)位寬度值最小(0.07)。重疊值在0.00~0.93之間,變化幅度相對較大,呈不均勻的分布程度。其中重疊值最大的種對為棕腹刺渶(Gastrophysus spadiceus)與太平洋長臂蝦(Palaemon pacificus),重疊值為0.00的種對共8對。該海域群落生態(tài)位重疊值偏低,部分種對間可能存在捕食關(guān)系。而且生態(tài)位重疊值相對高的種對,多為蝦蟹類、頭足類一些運動能力較差的種類。由方差比率VR=7.87,值大于1,得出主要游泳動物總體上呈正相關(guān)。W值檢驗關(guān)聯(lián)顯著性,W=291.25不在置信區(qū)間內(nèi),表示主要游泳動物總體上顯著關(guān)聯(lián)。表明溫州灣群落結(jié)構(gòu)和物種組成穩(wěn)定性較強,有正向演替的趨勢,群落穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,群落結(jié)構(gòu)和組成比較完善,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)相對成熟,整個群落對外界環(huán)境改變有較好的承受能力。卡方檢驗得出88.64%的種對間無聯(lián)結(jié)性,獨立分布;聯(lián)結(jié)系數(shù)顯示61.74%的種對無聯(lián)結(jié)性;共同出現(xiàn)百分率顯示17.42%的種對具有弱正聯(lián)結(jié)性;點相關(guān)系數(shù)顯示56.25%的種對無聯(lián)結(jié)性;Ochiai指數(shù)顯示8.33%的種對無聯(lián)結(jié)性。表明種對間隨演替程度升高,關(guān)聯(lián)程度降低。綜上,溫州灣海域的游泳動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)比較穩(wěn)定,但是多樣性程度較低,一些傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢種類數(shù)量減少,由于過度捕撈、海洋工程等人為因素使海洋環(huán)境變化較大,總體資源現(xiàn)狀仍然不容樂觀,資源呈現(xiàn)衰退的趨勢。
[Abstract]:Based on the data obtained from the survey of swimming animals in the sea area in spring 2013 and spring 2014, the position and function of different groups of main swimming animals in Wenzhou Bay were studied in this paper. The ecological relationship of species interaction in the same community was analyzed and the commonness of resource utilization was analyzed. The main results are as follows: 104 species of swimming animals were identified by two trawl surveys in Wenzhou Bay. Among them, Amblychaeturichthys hexanemaer, Harpodon nehereusus, Pampus argenteusus) are the dominant species, accounting for 52.78 of the total catch and 32.98% of the total catch weight. The biodiversity index is between 0.195 and 2.630, the average is 1.752, and the whole diversity is general. The richness index D was between 1.685 and 5.202, the average value was 3.601, and the overall richness was better. The index of evenness is between 0.007 and 0.857, the average value is 0.550, and the degree of overall uniformity is general. There are 33 main swimming animals. According to their feeding habits, the main swimming animals are divided into 7 functional groups. The herbivorous functional groups of detritus were not found, and zoobenthos were in the dominant position, accounting for 70.86 of the total number of main swimming animal functional groups, among which the main contributors were Atrobucca nibei, Leptochela gracilis, and so on, among them, the main contributors were Atrobucca nibei and Leptochela gracilis, among them, the main contributors were Atrobucca nibei and Leptochela gracilis. The average nutritional grade of each functional group was between 3.02 and 4.35. The major swimming animals were in the secondary and intermediate level, and the proportion of the advanced consumers in the community was too low. Feed organisms are too simple and the nutritional structure tends to be simple. The niche width of the main swimming animals ranged from 0.07 to 5.60, which changed greatly and covered greatly. The maximum value of niche width is 5.60m, and Muraenesox cinereus is the smallest one. The overlap value was between 0. 000 and 0. 93, and the range of variation was relatively large, showing an uneven distribution degree. The species pairs with the largest overlap value were Gastrophysus spadiceus) and Palaemon Pacificusus, and the species pairs with an overlap value of 0.00 were 8 pairs. The niche overlap value of community in this area is low, and some species may have predation relationship. The species pairs with relatively high niche overlap value were mostly shrimp and crab species and cephalopod species with poor movement ability. According to the variance ratio VRN 7.87, the result shows that the main swimming animals are positively correlated as a whole. W value test is significant not in the confidence interval, which indicates that the main swimming animals are significantly correlated as a whole. The results showed that the community structure and species composition of Wenzhou Bay were stable and had a trend of positive succession, the community developed steadily, the community structure and composition were relatively perfect, and the ecosystem structure was relatively mature. The whole community can withstand the change of environment. The chi-square test showed that 88.64% species had no connectedness and independent distribution, 61.74% species had no association, 17.42% species had weak positive association. The point correlation coefficient showed that 56.25% of the species had no association and the Ochiai index showed 8.33% of the species had no association. The results showed that the degree of interspecies succession increased and the degree of correlation decreased. In summary, the community structure of swimming animals in Wenzhou Bay is relatively stable, but the degree of diversity is low, the number of some traditional dominant species is reduced, and the marine environment has changed greatly due to overfishing and human factors such as marine engineering. The overall status of resources is still not optimistic, resources show a declining trend.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q958.8

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