發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-29 15:18

  本文選題：干旱和半干旱 + 大氣沉降�。� 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：地衣是生命周期長(zhǎng)、生長(zhǎng)緩慢和地理分布廣泛的共生生物,其可吸附和累積超過自身需求的元素量,是監(jiān)測(cè)大氣沉降物最具優(yōu)勢(shì)的類群之一,已被廣泛應(yīng)用。但對(duì)受沙塵影響較大的荒漠化草原區(qū)域,缺乏此類的研究。本文對(duì)位于內(nèi)蒙古錫林浩特市東南部的荒漠化草原400 km2內(nèi)16個(gè)樣點(diǎn),進(jìn)行了地衣采集和生態(tài)調(diào)查�；�于142份標(biāo)本的傳統(tǒng)分類學(xué)鑒定結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)本研究區(qū)域內(nèi)11科21屬46種地衣,優(yōu)勢(shì)種屬共9屬24種,隸屬于蜈蚣衣科(Physciaceae)和梅衣科(Parmeliaceae)。生態(tài)學(xué)研究結(jié)果表明,研究區(qū)域內(nèi):1)地衣生長(zhǎng)基物多樣,包括樹生(16種)、石生(14)、土生(13)、石上土生(11)和蘚土生(2);2)地衣生長(zhǎng)型以葉狀為主(38種),殼狀為輔(8種);3)11屬19種地衣分布較廣(至少3個(gè)樣點(diǎn)),為常見地衣,適合納入元素含量特征分析中,即:旱黃梅衣(Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis;XPC)、紅臍鱗(Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca;RZC)、中國(guó)樹花(Ramalina sinesis;RS)、麗石黃衣(Xanthoria elegans;XE)、白腹黑蜈蚣衣(Phaeophyscia denigrata;PHD)、斑面蜈蚣衣(Physcia aipolia;PA)、矮座石蕊(Cladonia humilis;CH)、三苔色酸褐衣(Melanelia tominii;MT)、橄欖黑爾衣(Melanohalea olivacea;MO)、粉芽盾衣(Peltula euploca;PET)、皮毛黑蜈蚣衣(Phaeophyscia hirtella;PHHe)、白刺毛黑蜈蚣衣(Phaeophyscia hirtuosa;PHHu)、糙蜈蚣衣(Physcia tribacia;PT)、變色大孢蜈蚣衣(Physconia detersa;PCD)、顆粒大孢蜈蚣衣(Physconia grumosa;PCG)、墊臍鱗(Rhizoplaca melanophthalma;RZM)、暗腹黃梅衣(Xanthoparmelia tinctina;XPT)、擬石黃衣(Xanthoria fallax;XF)、中國(guó)石黃衣(Xanthoria mandschurica;XM)。其中前6種地衣分布最廣(至少6個(gè)樣點(diǎn))。用電感耦合等離子質(zhì)譜儀(ICP-MS),對(duì)土壤和19種常見地衣,進(jìn)行30種化學(xué)元素(Al、Ba、Ca、Cd、Ce、Cr、Cs、Cu、Fe、K、La、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Rb、S、Sb、Sc、Sm、Sr、Tb、Th、Ti、Tl、V和Zn)的含量測(cè)定。利用多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法、富集系數(shù)(EF)和土壤顆粒物沾染程度(Fe/Ti)等參數(shù),分析地衣體內(nèi)元素含量來源,比較物種對(duì)元素累積能力的異同性和影響因素;并與國(guó)內(nèi)外同類研究比較了元素含量大小。研究結(jié)果表明:1)地衣的元素含量水平測(cè)定能夠反映環(huán)境格局:本區(qū)域大氣沉降特征為沙塵輸入量大,是大氣元素沉降的主要來源(主要因素),公路交通是主要的人類活動(dòng)污染;2)地衣對(duì)元素的累積在地衣物種之間具有差異性和相同性,生態(tài)學(xué)和形態(tài)學(xué)特征是其影響因素之一。依據(jù)物種土壤源元素和Ca元素的累積差異,將地衣分為四組:富土集Ca(CH、XPT、PCD和MO)、富土貧Ca(PHHu、PT、XE、PET和XM)、貧土集Ca(RZM、RZC、MT、RS、PCG和XPC)和貧土貧Ca(PA、XF、PHD和PHHe);3)有7種地衣(XPT、RZC、RZM、PET、MT、XPC和RS)可反映人類活動(dòng)來源的污染元素,其中樹生葉狀的中國(guó)樹花(Ramalina sinesis:RS)、石生殼狀的紅臍鱗衣(Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca:RZC)和土生葉狀的旱黃梅衣(Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis:XPC),分布廣泛且土壤元素含量低,可區(qū)分人類活動(dòng)源和地殼源元素,是本區(qū)域大氣污染監(jiān)測(cè)的最佳地衣。綜上所述,本研究區(qū)內(nèi)地衣物種資源豐富,荒漠化環(huán)境對(duì)地衣元素組成的影響明顯,人類活動(dòng)影響較小。中國(guó)樹花(Ramalina sinesis)、紅臍鱗衣(Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca)和旱黃梅衣(Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis)是本區(qū)域內(nèi)最佳監(jiān)測(cè)大氣污染沉降的地衣物種。
[Abstract]:Lichen is a symbiotic living creature with long life cycle, slow growth and wide geographical distribution. It can adsorb and accumulate the amount of elements that exceed its own demand. It is one of the most advantageous groups in monitoring atmospheric sedimentation, and has been widely used. However, this kind of research is lacking in the desert grassland area which is affected by sand dust. This paper is located in Inner Mongolia tin. On the basis of the traditional taxonomy of 142 specimens, there are 46 species of lichens in 11 families and 24 species belonging to 9 genera and 24 species, which belong to the centipede (Physciaceae) and meyi family (Parmeliaceae). The ecological research node is based on the traditional taxonomy results of 142 specimens of the desert grassland in the southeast of linhot. Based on the traditional taxonomic identification of 142 specimens. The results show that the study area: 1) the variety of lichen growth, including tree (16 species), stone birth (14), native (13), earth (11) and mosses (2); 2) the growth type of lichen is mainly foliage (38), shell like (8); 3) 11 genus 19 ground clothing is widely distributed (at least 3 samples), which is suitable for inclusion in the analysis of elemental content, that is drought. Huang Meiyi (Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis; XPC), red umbilical scale (Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca; RZC), Chinese tree flower (Ramalina sinesis; RS), Li stone yellow coat (Xanthoria elegans; XE), white black centipede clothing, spotted centipede clothing, dwarf litmus, three fur colored brown clothes Minii; MT), Melanohalea olivacea; MO, Peltula euploca; PET, black centipede fur coat (Phaeophyscia hirtella; PHHe), black centipede coat of white thorn (Phaeophyscia), brown centipede coat, chameleon coat A; PCG), Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (RZM), dark abdomen Huang Meiyi (Xanthoparmelia tinctina; XPT), pseudo yellow coat (Xanthoria fallax; XF), Chinese yellow coat (Xanthoria). The most widely distributed (at least 6 samples) of the first 6 species of lichens. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, 3 of soil and 19 common lichens 0 kinds of chemical elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg) are measured by the multivariate statistical analysis method, enrichment coefficient and soil particle contamination degree, analysis of the source of elements in the body of the lichen, and comparison of the similarities and differences of the accumulation ability of species to the elements. And the influence factors; and compared with the same research at home and abroad, the content of elements is compared. The results of the study show that: 1) the determination of the element content of the lichen can reflect the environmental pattern: the atmospheric sedimentation in this region is characterized by a large amount of sand input, the main source of atmospheric element settlement (main factor), the road traffic is the main human activity pollution; 2) The accumulation of elements in the lichens has differences and similarities between the lichen species, and the ecological and morphological characteristics are one of the factors affecting them. According to the cumulative differences in the soil source and Ca elements of the species, the lichen is divided into four groups: rich soil collection Ca (CH, XPT, PCD and MO), and rich soil poor Ca (PHHu, PT, XE, PET and XM), and the poor soil collection. Poor soil poor Ca (PA, XF, PHD and PHHe); 3) there are 7 kinds of lichens (XPT, RZC, RZM, PET, MT, XPC and RS) can reflect the pollution elements of human activities, including tree leaf shaped Chinese tree flowers, stone shell shaped red umbilicus scales and native leaflike dry Huangmei clothes. Extensive and low soil element content, which can distinguish human activity source and crustal source element, is the best lichen for monitoring air pollution in this region. To sum up, this research area is rich in clothing resources in this study area, the influence of desertification environment on the composition of lichens is obvious, and the influence of human activity is small. Chinese tree flower (Ramalina sinesis), red umbilicus scale coat (Rhizo Placa chrysoleuca) and dry Huangmei clothing (Xanthoparmelia camtschadalis) are the best lichen species for monitoring air pollution settlement in the region.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q949.34

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