發(fā)布時間：2018-04-29 18:52

  本文選題：沉底油 + 海膽胚胎��； 參考：《大連海事大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為研究沉底油對海洋底棲生物的繁殖和子代胚胎發(fā)育的毒性影響,本實驗以380#船用燃料油為實驗油品模擬沉底油,以蝦夷馬糞海膽(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)為受試生物進行研究,實驗設定了母本暴露、父本暴露和雙親本暴露,運用紫外分光光度法和氣相-質譜聯用法(GC-MS)分別測定上覆水(與空氣直接接觸的暴露液)和間隙水(含油砂礫空隙中的暴露液)中總石油烴(TPH)和總多環(huán)芳烴(TPAH)含量,并結合配子的受精能力和其子代胚胎個體發(fā)育情況對實驗結果進行分析。實驗結果表明:相同暴露時間下,隨著沉底油油砂配比濃度的增加,上覆水和間隙水中TPH濃度也隨之增加,且間隙水的TPH濃度高于上覆水的TPH濃度,胚胎的生長抑制率和畸形率的變化趨勢與TPH的變化趨勢基本一致。通過GC-MS檢測發(fā)現,單位質量含油砂礫中TPAH的最大值為10.277μg/g;上覆水中TPAH的最大值為14.826μg/L,其中菲的含量相對較高,因此可推測本實驗中菲是影響海膽子代胚胎個體發(fā)育的主要原因。將親代暴露于不同油砂配比濃度的沉底油中7d,其配子的受精率仍可達98%以上,但性腺指數降低,最高排卵抑制率為50.89%,且子代出現大量體長較小、發(fā)育遲緩及畸形的個體。說明親代暴露雖然不會影響配子的受精能力,但親本繁殖能力降低,沉底油釋放的毒性會隨海膽配子傳遞給子代,影響子代的胚胎發(fā)育。并且實驗發(fā)現,長腕幼蟲期(受精后48h)的生長抑制率和畸形率高于原腸胚期(受精后24h)。表明親代暴露對子代胚胎發(fā)育的毒性影響會在長腕幼蟲期被放大。因此,可將長腕幼蟲期的海膽胚胎作為沉底油污染損害評估及早期預警的模式生物。親代暴露和親子雙代持續(xù)暴露中,子代胚胎的生長抑制率在父本暴露時最大,母本暴露時最小;子代胚胎的畸形率在雙親本暴露時最大。該結果表明父本暴露和雙親本暴露會產生更為嚴重的遺傳毒性,其子代胚胎的發(fā)育情況可為海洋生態(tài)風險評估、自然資源損害評估以及船舶溢油索賠提供重要的科學依據。
[Abstract]:In order to study the toxic effects of sunken oil on the reproduction of marine benthos and the embryo development of offspring, 380# marine fuel oil was used as the experimental oil to simulate the bottom oil, and Strongylocentrotus intermediusus was used as the test organism. Exposure to female, paternal and parental exposures were set. The contents of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH) in overlying water (exposed liquid in direct contact with air) and interstitial water (exposure fluid in oil-bearing gravel) were determined by UV spectrophotometry and GC-MS, respectively. The experiment results were analyzed by combining the fertilization ability of gametes and the ontogeny of their offspring embryos. The experimental results show that the concentration of TPH in overlying water and interstitial water increases with the increase of oil sand concentration at the same exposure time, and the TPH concentration in interstitial water is higher than that in overlying water. The trend of embryo growth inhibition rate and abnormal rate was basically consistent with that of TPH. The maximum value of TPAH in oil-bearing gravel per unit mass was 10.277 渭 g / g, and the maximum value of TPAH in overlying water was 14.826 渭 g / L, and the content of phenanthrene was relatively high. Therefore, it can be inferred that phenanthrene is the main reason that affects the ontogeny of embryo of sea urchin offspring in this experiment. The fertilization rate of gamete was still over 98%, but the gonadal index was decreased, the highest ovulation inhibition rate was 50.89%, and a large number of individuals with small body length, developmental retardation and malformation were found in the offspring exposed to sunken oil with different oil sand ratios for 7 days. The results showed that parental exposure did not affect the fertilization ability of gametes, but the reproductive ability of parents was decreased, and the toxicity of oil release from sunken bottom would be transferred to the offspring with the gametes of sea urchin, which affected the embryo development of the offspring. It was also found that the growth inhibition rate and deformity rate of long wrist larvae (48h after fertilization) were higher than those of proctoembryonic stage (24h after fertilization). The results showed that the toxic effects of parental exposure on embryonic development of offspring were amplified at the stage of long wrist larva. Therefore, sea urchin embryos in the long wrist larval stage can be used as model organisms for assessment and early warning of oil pollution damage. In parental and parent-offspring continuous exposures, the growth inhibition rate of progeny embryos was the highest at parental exposure, and the lowest at parental exposure, while the deformity rate of offspring embryos was the highest at parental exposure. The results showed that paternal and parental exposures would produce more serious genotoxicity, and the development of their offspring embryos could provide an important scientific basis for marine ecological risk assessment, natural resource damage assessment and claims for oil spill from ships.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X55;X171.5

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 沈君逸;賈玉芳;趙文;;原油和消油劑對魚類毒性的研究進展[J];生物學雜志;2014年05期

2 高亞麗;朱睿;呂昕璐;高翔;楊柏林;熊德琪;;生物降解型消油劑處理燃料油對黃海膽(Glyptocidaris crenularis)胚胎發(fā)育的影響[J];海洋科學進展;2014年04期

3 楊世莉;孫冰;嚴志宇;劉慧;張碩慧;劉正江;;海水中沉底油的風化特性及鑒別方法研究[J];海洋科學;2014年08期

4 張兆康;馮權;劉玉清;;水中沉底油和半沉底油的清除[J];中國海事;2014年06期

5 姜會超;劉愛英;宋秀凱;孫國華;劉麗娟;;重金屬脅迫對刺參胚胎發(fā)育的影響[J];水生生物學報;2014年02期

6 姜會超;劉愛英;宋秀凱;孫國華;劉麗娟;;重金屬脅迫對日本對蝦(Penaeus japonicas)胚胎發(fā)育的影響[J];生態(tài)毒理學報;2013年06期

7 靳永軒;劉晨臨;叢柏林;劉勝浩;黃曉航;;櫛孔扇貝(Chlamys farreri)細胞色素CYP4基因表達對石油烴污染的響應特征[J];海洋環(huán)境科學;2013年02期

8 康維;魏志強;;海上溢油污染及清理方法[J];清洗世界;2012年11期

9 李彤;李適宇;彭瀅;;珠江懸浮物對0號柴油的吸附與解吸實驗[J];城市環(huán)境與城市生態(tài);2012年04期

10 陳濤;;美國海洋溢油事件的社會學研究[J];中國農業(yè)大學學報(社會科學版);2012年02期

相關碩士學位論文 前3條

1 肖雅元;石油烴污染對翡翠貽貝毒性效應及機理研究[D];上海海洋大學;2012年

2 張艦文;石油烴對馬糞海膽酶活性的影響及基因的SNPS分析[D];大連海事大學;2010年

3 紀召啟;舟山海域海洋懸浮顆粒物對重質燃料油的吸附研究[D];中國海洋大學;2008年

，

本文編號：1821147