發(fā)布時間：2018-05-17 15:55

  本文選題：家族企業(yè) + 代際傳承　； 參考：《浙江工商大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：家族企業(yè)作為一種古老的組織形態(tài)廣泛地存在于世界各處,因其固有的特質(zhì)雖歷經(jīng)風霜卻又經(jīng)久不衰。但是從個體層面來看,家族企業(yè)的存續(xù)期普遍較為短暫,可持續(xù)發(fā)展水平偏低,有些甚至是曇花一現(xiàn),而代際傳承的屢屢失敗正是導致該現(xiàn)象的重要原因之一。于是如何實現(xiàn)代際之間順利過渡成為研究家族企業(yè)的熱點,很多學者開始將焦點放在傳承的內(nèi)容上試圖探究由此對代際傳承造成的影響,較為公認的一種觀點是知識轉(zhuǎn)移是家族企業(yè)傳承過程的基礎(chǔ),而隱性知識作為家族企業(yè)的核心競爭力,它能否在代際之間實現(xiàn)成功地轉(zhuǎn)移,則成了家族企業(yè)能否家業(yè)長青的關(guān)鍵所在。目前關(guān)于家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識的轉(zhuǎn)移研究主要放在了影響轉(zhuǎn)移的因素和轉(zhuǎn)移績效的評價上,然而少有文獻從代際傳承過程和知識轉(zhuǎn)移過程并軌的角度來研究隱性知識在家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中的整體轉(zhuǎn)移機制。本文通過應(yīng)用知識轉(zhuǎn)移理論、資源基礎(chǔ)觀等進行理論分析,并通過問卷調(diào)查和實證研究的方法,將隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移置于家族企業(yè)傳承的特殊背景之中,主要回答了下面3組問題:1.隱性知識由于其默會性在轉(zhuǎn)移過程中往往無一定的規(guī)律可循,而在家族企業(yè)代際傳承這樣的特殊情境之下,隱性知識的轉(zhuǎn)移是否會存在一定的特殊性和規(guī)律性,其轉(zhuǎn)移的機制是什么,應(yīng)該構(gòu)建什么樣的理論框架進行研究。2.從微觀角度來看,在家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中,前任企業(yè)家應(yīng)該向繼任者轉(zhuǎn)移哪些隱性知識要素,在這個過程中會受到哪些因素的影響,應(yīng)該采用什么樣的方式將這些要素順利地實現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移,從而會得到什么樣的轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)果,即知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效如何。3.基于資源基礎(chǔ)觀,隱性知識被學者們廣泛認為是家族企業(yè)具有核心競爭力的主要原因之一,而隱性知識經(jīng)由代際轉(zhuǎn)移之后其績效是否會有利于家族企業(yè)傳承后的滿意度和績效,也就是說隱性知識經(jīng)過轉(zhuǎn)移后,是否還會發(fā)揮其原有的價值,甚至貢獻更甚。根據(jù)研究目標和問題的設(shè)定,本文主要對以下內(nèi)容進行了研究:1.構(gòu)建家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識的四階段轉(zhuǎn)移機制的理論框架。該部分內(nèi)容首先借助Handler(1990)的四階段家族企業(yè)傳承模型和Stavrou(1998)的三階段家族企業(yè)傳承模型,將家族企業(yè)的代際傳承劃分為準備期、實施期、準完成期和完成期四個階段,同時結(jié)合Nonaka(1995)的的SECI理論模型,對家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移劃分為初始階段、執(zhí)行階段、整合階段和植入階段,據(jù)此構(gòu)建了家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識的四階段轉(zhuǎn)移機制的理論框架,以此來研究各個階段隱性知識的轉(zhuǎn)移機制,也為后文的實證研究提供了理論依據(jù)。2.探究家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效的影響因素該部分內(nèi)容首先將隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效劃分為知識轉(zhuǎn)移成本,前任對知識轉(zhuǎn)移的滿意度、繼任者對知識轉(zhuǎn)移的滿意度、繼任者對知識的內(nèi)化和繼任者對知識的創(chuàng)新五個維度,將影響知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效的因素分為隱性知識的特性、前任對知識轉(zhuǎn)移的意愿、繼任者對知識轉(zhuǎn)移的意愿和組織情境四個維度,同時以溝通交流作為中介變量。通過實證研究來探索隱性知識的特性對隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效是否有負面作用,前任對知識轉(zhuǎn)移的意愿、繼任者對知識轉(zhuǎn)移的意愿和組織情境是否對知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效是否有積極作用,而加入中介變量溝通交流后,其結(jié)果是否會產(chǎn)生變化。3.探究隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效對家族企業(yè)傳承滿意度的影響該部分內(nèi)容首先將家族企業(yè)傳承滿意度分為前任滿意度、繼任者滿意度、家族成員滿意度和員工滿意度,通過實證研究來探索隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效對家族企業(yè)傳承滿意度的影響程度,從而回答知識轉(zhuǎn)移成本是否對家族企業(yè)傳承滿意度起負面影響,轉(zhuǎn)移雙方對知識轉(zhuǎn)移的滿意度、繼任者對知識的內(nèi)化和繼任者對知識的創(chuàng)新是否對家族企業(yè)傳承滿意度起積極作用。4.探究隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效對家族企業(yè)傳承績效的影響該部分內(nèi)容首先將家族企業(yè)傳承績效分為任務(wù)績效和關(guān)系績效兩類,通過實證研究來探索隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效對家族企業(yè)傳承績效的影響程度,從而回答知識轉(zhuǎn)移成本是否對家族企業(yè)傳承績效起負面影響,轉(zhuǎn)移雙方對知識轉(zhuǎn)移的滿意度、繼任者對知識的內(nèi)化和繼任者對知識的創(chuàng)新是否對家族企業(yè)傳承績效起積極作用。通過對上述內(nèi)容的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)了以下結(jié)論:1.通過理論研究發(fā)現(xiàn),家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識的轉(zhuǎn)移是分階段的,每個階段轉(zhuǎn)移的具體隱性知識要素和轉(zhuǎn)移的方式有所不同。隱性知識的要素隨著隱匿性和專用性程度的增加在代際傳承過程中逐類發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,同時轉(zhuǎn)移的方式前期主要表現(xiàn)為前任傳授,后期則主要表現(xiàn)為繼任者反饋,但基本方式還是溝通。2.隱性知識的特性、隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移雙方的意愿、組織情境均會對知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效產(chǎn)生影響,良好的溝通有助于提升知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效。隱性知識隱匿程度越高越不利于其轉(zhuǎn)移,但通過良好的溝通可以較好地降低隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移成本并提升繼任者對隱性知識的內(nèi)化程度,代際雙方的轉(zhuǎn)移意愿會提升知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效,并且部分依賴于溝通從而降低隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移成本并提升繼任者對隱性知識的內(nèi)化程度,良好的組織情境有利于提升知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效,并完全依賴于雙方溝通交流進而影響知識轉(zhuǎn)移成本和雙方對知識的滿意度,良好的溝通有助于提升知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效,但對繼任者的知識創(chuàng)新用處不大,它只依賴于繼任者的轉(zhuǎn)移意愿。3.家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效的提升有助于提高家族企業(yè)傳承滿意度和傳承績效。繼任者的隱性知識創(chuàng)新對提高家族企業(yè)的傳承滿意度和傳承績效的貢獻最大,足見繼任者的隱性知識創(chuàng)新對家族企業(yè)傳承的重要性,繼任者對隱性知識的內(nèi)化對除了對員工滿意度作用不大之外,其它均有助于提高家族企業(yè)傳承的滿意度和傳承績效,知識轉(zhuǎn)移雙方對知識轉(zhuǎn)移的滿意度均能提升傳承滿意度,但繼任者對知識轉(zhuǎn)移的滿意度對任務(wù)績效的作用不大。知識轉(zhuǎn)移成本則對傳承滿意度和傳承績效均有負面影響,這就意味著投入越多未必產(chǎn)出就越多,如果在轉(zhuǎn)移過程中消耗的資源過多,可能會不利于企業(yè)的傳承。最后,本文的主要創(chuàng)新點有:1.提出了家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識四階段轉(zhuǎn)移機制的理論框架。根據(jù)Handler(1990)的四階段家族企業(yè)傳承模型和Stavrou(1998)的三階段家族企業(yè)傳承模型,并結(jié)合Nonaka(1995)的SECI理論模型,對家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移劃分了四個階段,基于此本文創(chuàng)新性的提出了家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移的四階段轉(zhuǎn)移機制的理論框架,為下文的研究做好了鋪墊,也為未來在該領(lǐng)域的學術(shù)研究提供了一定的指導。2.展現(xiàn)了家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移的機制及其對傳承效果的影響。從隱性知識自身特征與構(gòu)成要素的研究出發(fā),通過抓住家族企業(yè)代際傳承這一特殊時期的特質(zhì),以傳承過程為背景,分析了家族企業(yè)代際傳承過程中隱性知識在各個傳承階段的轉(zhuǎn)移機制,系統(tǒng)研究了每個階段需要轉(zhuǎn)移隱性知識傳承的要素,轉(zhuǎn)移的影響因素,轉(zhuǎn)移的方式和產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)移績效,并進一步研究知識轉(zhuǎn)移績效對家族企業(yè)傳承效果的影響,豐富了家族企業(yè)代際傳承和隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移領(lǐng)域的研究成果,彌補了學術(shù)界過于關(guān)注隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移的某個層面而對整體的轉(zhuǎn)移機制研究不足的問題。3.基于隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移視角對代際傳承過程中某些現(xiàn)象做出了新的理論解釋。在揭示隱性知識家族企業(yè)代際傳承各個傳承階段的轉(zhuǎn)移機制的過程中,從理論上得出了一些有意義的發(fā)現(xiàn),解釋了為什么在代際傳承過程中隱性知識的不同要素是分階段轉(zhuǎn)移的,為什么轉(zhuǎn)移的方式會有所不同,隱性知識轉(zhuǎn)移的成本為什么會隨著代際傳承階段的推進逐漸增大,代際雙方的轉(zhuǎn)移意愿為什么會隨著代際傳承階段的推進逐漸增強等。
[Abstract]:As a kind of ancient organization form, family business exists widely in all parts of the world, because its inherent characteristics have gone through the wind and frost, but from the individual level, the survival period of the family business is generally short, the level of sustainable development is low, some even in the Epiphyllum, and the repeated failures of the intergenerational inheritance are the guide. One of the important reasons for this phenomenon is that how to realize the smooth transition between generations has become a hot spot in the study of family business. Many scholars have begun to focus on the content of inheritance to explore the influence on intergenerational inheritance. A more recognized view is that the transfer of knowledge is the basis of the inheritance process of the family enterprise, and the recessive knowledge is recessive. As the core competitiveness of family enterprises, knowledge can be successfully transferred between generations, which is the key to the success of family business. At present, the study of the transfer of tacit knowledge in the intergenerational process of family enterprises is mainly focused on the evaluation of the factors affecting the transfer and the transfer performance, but there are few documents. From the perspective of the intergenerational process and the process of knowledge transfer, the whole transfer mechanism of tacit knowledge in the intergenerational process of family enterprises is studied. Through the theoretical analysis of the application of knowledge transfer theory and the concept of resource base, the transfer of tacit knowledge is put into the family business through the method of questionnaire investigation and empirical research. In the special background, it mainly answers the following 3 sets of questions: 1. the tacit knowledge often has no rules to follow in the process of the transfer of tacit knowledge, and whether there will be certain particularity and regularity in the transfer of tacit knowledge in the special context of the family enterprise's intergenerational inheritance, what is the mechanism of the transfer of tacit knowledge and the mechanism of the transfer of tacit knowledge What kind of theoretical framework is built to study.2. from the microcosmic perspective, which of the hidden knowledge elements should be transferred to the successor during the intergenerational succession of the family business, which factors will be affected by the factors in this process, and what kind of ways should be adopted to transfer these elements smoothly and thus will be obtained. What kind of transfer results, that is, how knowledge transfer performance is based on the resource based view, tacit knowledge is widely regarded by scholars as one of the main reasons for the core competitiveness of family enterprises, and whether the performance of tacit knowledge will be beneficial to the satisfaction and performance of family enterprises after transference, that is, recessive knowledge is recessive, that is, recessive knowledge is.3.. After the transfer of knowledge, it will also play its original value, even more. According to the research objectives and the setting of the problems, this paper mainly studies the following contents: 1. the theoretical frame of the four phase transfer mechanism of the tacit knowledge in the intergenerational inheritance of family enterprises is constructed. The content of this part is first with the aid of Handler (1990) four. The family enterprise inheritance model and the three stage family enterprise inheritance model of Stavrou (1998), divide the intergenerational inheritance of family business into four stages of preparation, implementation, quasi completion and completion, and combine the SECI theoretical model of Nonaka (1995), and divide the implicit knowledge transfer into the initial order in the intergenerational inheritance process of the family business. The period, the implementation stage, the integration stage and the implantation stage, thus the theoretical framework of the four stage transfer mechanism of the implicit knowledge in the family enterprise's intergenerational inheritance process is constructed, in order to study the transfer mechanism of the implicit knowledge at various stages, and to provide a theoretical basis for the later empirical research to explore the implicit knowledge of the intergenerational inheritance of family enterprises. The influence factors of the knowledge transfer performance are divided into the knowledge transfer cost, the satisfaction of the former knowledge transfer, the satisfaction of the successor to the knowledge transfer, the successor's internalization of knowledge and the innovation of the successor to the knowledge, and the factors that affect the knowledge transfer performance into the implicit knowledge. The characteristics of knowledge, the willingness of the predecessor to knowledge transfer, the willingness of the successor to the transfer of knowledge and the four dimensions of the organizational situation, and the communication and communication as the intermediary variable. Through the empirical study, we explore the negative effect of the characteristics of tacit knowledge on the performance of the tacit knowledge transfer, the intention of the former knowledge transfer and the transfer of knowledge to the successor. Whether or not the intention and the organizational situation have a positive effect on the knowledge transfer performance, and after joining the intermediary variables, whether the results will produce changes in the effect of.3. to explore the influence of tacit knowledge transfer performance on the family enterprise inheritance satisfaction. The degree of the effect of tacit knowledge transfer performance on family business inheritance satisfaction is explored through empirical research to answer whether the knowledge transfer cost has a negative impact on the inheritance satisfaction of the family business, transfer the satisfaction of the two sides to knowledge transfer, and the successor's internalization and succession of knowledge. Whether or not the innovation of knowledge plays a positive role in the inheritance satisfaction of family enterprises.4. explore the effect of tacit knowledge transfer performance on the inheritance performance of family business. This part first divides the family business inheritance performance into two categories: task performance and relationship performance. Through empirical research, it explores the performance of tacit knowledge transfer to family enterprises. In order to answer the influence degree of the performance, it will answer whether the knowledge transfer cost has a negative impact on the inheritance performance of the family business, transfer the satisfaction of the two sides to the knowledge transfer, the successor's internalization of knowledge and whether the successor's knowledge innovation is active on the inheritance performance of the family business. Conclusion: 1. through theoretical study, it is found that the transfer of tacit knowledge in the intergenerational inheritance of family enterprises is phased, and the specific tacit knowledge elements and the way of transfer are different at each stage. The elements of tacit knowledge transfer in the process of intergenerational inheritance with the increase of the degree of concealment and specificity. The former mainly manifested as the former imparting and the latter is mainly expressed as the successor feedback, but the basic way is to communicate the characteristics of the.2. tacit knowledge, the intention of the tacit knowledge transfer both sides, the organizational situation will affect the knowledge transfer performance, and the good communication helps to improve the knowledge transfer performance. The more hidden knowledge conceals the degree. High Vietnam is not conducive to its transfer, but through good communication, the transfer cost of tacit knowledge can be reduced and the successor's internalization of tacit knowledge can be improved. The transfer will of the intergenerational parties will improve the performance of knowledge transfer, and partly rely on communication to reduce the cost of tacit knowledge transfer and improve the tacit knowledge of the successors. The degree of internalization, good organizational situation is beneficial to the promotion of knowledge transfer performance, and it is entirely dependent on communication and communication between the two sides to affect the cost of knowledge transfer and the satisfaction of both sides to knowledge. Good communication helps to improve the performance of knowledge transfer, but it is not good for the successor's knowledge innovation, which depends only on the transfer will of the successor.3. The enhancement of the performance of tacit knowledge transfer in the family enterprise's intergenerational inheritance helps to improve the inheritance satisfaction and inheritance performance of the family business. The successor's tacit knowledge innovation has the greatest contribution to the inheritance satisfaction and the inheritance performance of the family business, and the importance of the successor's implicit knowledge innovation to the family enterprise inheritance is to be seen. The internalization of the tacit knowledge to the tacit knowledge has little effect on employee satisfaction, and the others help to improve the satisfaction and inheritance performance of the family business inheritance. The satisfaction of knowledge transfer both sides can improve the inheritance satisfaction, but the satisfaction of the successor to the knowledge transfer has little effect on the task performance. The transfer cost has a negative impact on the inheritance satisfaction and the inheritance performance, which means that the more the input may not be produced, the more the resources are consumed during the transfer process, which may be detrimental to the inheritance of the enterprise. Finally, the main innovation of this paper is as follows: 1. the four phase transfer of tacit knowledge in the family enterprise's intergenerational inheritance process is put forward. The theoretical framework of the mechanism. According to the family enterprise inheritance model of the four stage of Handler (1990) and the three stage family enterprise inheritance model of the Stavrou (1998), and the SECI theoretical model of Nonaka (1995), the recessive knowledge transfer in the intergenerational inheritance process of family enterprises is divided into four stages. Based on this innovation, the family business generation is put forward. The theoretical framework of the four phase transfer mechanism of the transfer of tacit knowledge in the process of succession is paved for the following research, and provides some guidance for future academic research in this field..2. shows the mechanism of the transfer of tacit knowledge in the intergenerational process of family business and its influence on the effect of inheritance. In the study of characteristics and elements, by grasping the characteristics of the family enterprise inheriting this special period and taking the inheritance process as the background, this paper analyzes the transfer mechanism of the tacit knowledge in the inheritance of the family enterprise in the intergenerational process, and systematically studies the factors that need to transfer the hidden knowledge in each stage, and the influence of the transfer. Factors, the way of transfer and the transfer performance, and further study the influence of knowledge transfer performance on the inheritance effect of family enterprises, enrich the research results in the field of family business intergenerational inheritance and tacit knowledge transfer, and make up for the lack of academic circles to pay too much attention to the transfer of tacit knowledge and to study the overall transfer mechanism. The problem.3. makes a new theoretical explanation for some phenomena in the intergenerational inheritance process based on the implicit knowledge transfer perspective. In the process of revealing the transfer mechanism of the intergenerational inheritance stage of the tacit knowledge family enterprise, some meaningful discoveries are obtained theoretically, explaining why the tacit knowledge in the process of intergenerational inheritance is explained. The different elements are phased transfer, and why the transfer mode will be different. The cost of the transfer of tacit knowledge will gradually increase with the promotion of the intergenerational inheritance stage, and why the transfer will of the intergenerational parties will gradually increase with the promotion of the intergenerational inheritance stage.
【學位授予單位】：浙江工商大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F276.5
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本文編號：1901965