發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-14 10:44

【摘要】： 在廣告、模具、標(biāo)牌、工藝品等許多加工行業(yè)中,有時(shí)需要根據(jù)一幅已有的圖像加工相應(yīng)的零件或產(chǎn)品。為了提高效率、縮短產(chǎn)品周期、降低成本并保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,需要有一種直接基于圖像的加工方法。雖然目前的CAD/CAM集成系統(tǒng)的功能都很強(qiáng)大,但對(duì)于基于圖像的加工問題,通常沒有提供從圖像讀入到圖像處理及矢量化,最終生成數(shù)控代碼的一體化解決方案。為了解決這個(gè)問題,借助現(xiàn)有的數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)和CAD/CAM集成技術(shù),對(duì)基于圖像的數(shù)控加工做了深入細(xì)致的研究和探討�？傮w上分成三個(gè)部分。 第一部分研究了圖像獲取與存儲(chǔ)、顏色量化和減色、灰度化處理、圖像增強(qiáng)、二值化、輪廓提取及細(xì)化等數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)。采用了索引表細(xì)化和數(shù)學(xué)形態(tài)學(xué)細(xì)化相結(jié)合的細(xì)化方法。在細(xì)化的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了點(diǎn)跟蹤矢量化方法,優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)了跟蹤方向模板。最后,探討了仿書法加工方法及圖像線條寬度的獲取。 第二部分研究了基于矢量字符的輪廓加工方法,解決了字符矢量輪廓獲取、圖元排序、輪廓方向及包含關(guān)系判斷、輪廓偏移處理及NC代碼生成等一系列問題。在輪廓偏移求轉(zhuǎn)接交點(diǎn)時(shí),采用了平面解析幾何的方法,使得計(jì)算過程與坐標(biāo)系無關(guān),保證了程序的穩(wěn)定可靠性。 最后一個(gè)部分引入了計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)中邊表和活性邊表的基本概念,建立了適合本課題要求的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)及節(jié)點(diǎn)表和行切軌跡上節(jié)點(diǎn)的左右關(guān)系,并通過單調(diào)鏈和單調(diào)鏈表,完善了節(jié)點(diǎn)表并建立了所有節(jié)點(diǎn)的前后關(guān)系,最終解決了型腔行切加工問題。 通過對(duì)數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)和CAD/CAM集成技術(shù)的應(yīng)用和研究,在Visual C++ 2003平臺(tái)上為本課題編寫的程序Art Engraver實(shí)現(xiàn)了與本課題有關(guān)的所有算法或方法,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的目標(biāo)。在每個(gè)部分算法或方法的最后,都給出了相應(yīng)的Art Engraver處理實(shí)例,以顯示算法或方法的正確有效性。
[Abstract]:In many industries, such as advertisement, mould, sign, handicraft and so on, parts or products need to be processed according to an existing image. In order to improve the efficiency, shorten the product cycle, reduce the cost and guarantee the product quality, it is necessary to have a direct image-based processing method. Although the functions of current CAD/CAM integration systems are very powerful, there is usually no integrated solution from image reading to image processing and vectorization to generate NC code for image-based processing. In order to solve this problem, with the help of the existing digital image processing technology and CAD/CAM integration technology, the image based NC machining is studied and discussed in detail. Overall, it is divided into three parts. In the first part, digital image processing techniques such as image acquisition and storage, color quantization and reduction, grayscale processing, image enhancement, binarization, contour extraction and thinning are studied. The thinning method of index table thinning and mathematical morphology thinning is adopted. On the basis of refinement, the point tracking vectorization method is proposed, and the tracking direction template is optimized. Finally, the processing method of imitating calligraphy and the acquisition of line width of image are discussed. In the second part, the method of contour processing based on vector characters is studied, which solves a series of problems, such as character vector contour acquisition, graph element sorting, contour direction and inclusion relationship judgment, contour offset processing and NC code generation, etc. The plane analytic geometry method is used to calculate the intersection point of contour offset, which makes the calculation process independent of coordinate system and ensures the stability and reliability of the program. In the last part, the basic concepts of edge table and active edge table in computer graphics are introduced, and the data structure and the relations between the nodes on the node table and the tangent locus are established, and the monotone chain and the monotone linked list are adopted. The nodal table is perfected and the relationship between all the nodes is established. Finally, the problem of cavity cutting is solved. Through the application and research of digital image processing technology and CAD/CAM integration technology, the program Art Engraver written for this subject on the platform of Visual C 2003 has realized all the algorithms or methods related to this subject, and achieved the expected goal. At the end of each part of the algorithm or method, a corresponding Art Engraver processing example is given to show the validity of the algorithm or method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.41

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