發(fā)布時間：2019-06-01 20:56

【摘要】：隨著國際航運(yùn)業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展,承擔(dān)集裝箱船裝卸作業(yè)的岸邊集裝箱橋式起重機(jī)(簡稱岸橋)不斷朝著大型化發(fā)展。由于現(xiàn)代化岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)重心高、側(cè)向剛度分布不均以及輪軌約束的特殊固定形式,當(dāng)遭遇強(qiáng)震時整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)會產(chǎn)生大幅度晃動,造成車輪脫軌以及門腿、橫梁、前后大梁等結(jié)構(gòu)件塑性變形甚至破壞,嚴(yán)重時可導(dǎo)致整機(jī)坍塌報廢。由于地震動的隨機(jī)性、岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)型式的復(fù)雜性及輪軌約束的特殊性等困難,目前對于岸橋在地震中的動態(tài)響應(yīng)行為及相應(yīng)抗震設(shè)計方法上還沒有系統(tǒng)可靠的研究結(jié)論,有些問題還未觸及。基于大型岸橋在地震動態(tài)行為特性及抗震設(shè)計分析方法中存在的問題及盲點,本文以全面分析掌握岸橋地震動態(tài)響應(yīng)特征并研究其抗震設(shè)計計算與分析方法為目標(biāo),采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬及試驗驗證相結(jié)合的研究方法,主要完成了以下研究工作和成果:1)建立了基于塑性鉸理論的岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)有限元彈塑性模型,利用非線性動力時程分析方法研究了岸橋不同狀態(tài)型式及系列地震波激勵下,結(jié)構(gòu)從彈性響應(yīng)到塑性屈服直至強(qiáng)度破壞下的地震響應(yīng)特征與規(guī)律。獲得了岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力水平、各向動力系數(shù)分布、結(jié)構(gòu)最大變形及輪壓穩(wěn)定性等抗震設(shè)計關(guān)鍵參量,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)了岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)抗震薄弱環(huán)節(jié)及兩類破壞倒塌模式,提出了岸橋強(qiáng)震中搖擺跳軌及扭轉(zhuǎn)跳軌兩類跳軌行為模式;同時也統(tǒng)計評估了材料非線性和幾何非線性對岸橋地震響應(yīng)特性的影響。2)在起重機(jī)車輪與軌道發(fā)生跳軌的臨界條件動力學(xué)分析基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)展了適用于有限元法的輪軌接觸摩擦支座模型,由此對強(qiáng)震中岸橋兩類跳軌行為的發(fā)生機(jī)理、響應(yīng)規(guī)律以及對結(jié)構(gòu)安全的影響等方面開展了數(shù)值模擬研究;并進(jìn)一步建立了搖擺跳軌的數(shù)學(xué)模型,提供了跳軌運(yùn)動響應(yīng)分析的簡化方法。研究結(jié)果表明,搖擺跳軌會帶來門腿、聯(lián)系橫梁部位結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力的大幅度提高,趨向于對結(jié)構(gòu)造成破壞,而扭轉(zhuǎn)跳軌的發(fā)生降低了結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)力水平,起到一定地震保護(hù)作用。3)完成了考慮樁土作用的典型高樁碼頭與岸橋聯(lián)合有限元模型以及岸橋-碼頭耦合振動兩自由度簡化數(shù)學(xué)模型的構(gòu)建,利用對聯(lián)合模型及組成個體的固有振動特性及地震響應(yīng)的對比分析策略,得到了岸橋與碼頭動力耦合特征影響因素以及地震中岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)動力響應(yīng)行為的變化規(guī)律。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),岸橋耦合振動中響應(yīng)特征主要受到其與碼頭的自振周期比、質(zhì)量比、地震動激勵周期以及是否發(fā)生跳軌的影響。典型工況分析結(jié)果顯示,耦合振動使得岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)動力系數(shù)相比剛性基礎(chǔ)時增大約12%-13%。4)利用1:20岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)相似模型多工況下的地震模擬振動臺試驗,驗證了理論與仿真分析主要結(jié)論的正確性,同時進(jìn)一步試驗分析了強(qiáng)震中岸橋跳軌的影響因素及響應(yīng)規(guī)律。仿真與試驗結(jié)果的對比證明,本文發(fā)展的相關(guān)建模技術(shù)及分析方法能夠較全面和可靠地反映岸橋地震響應(yīng)特性。5)根據(jù)地震反應(yīng)分析的振型分解反應(yīng)譜法基本原理,研究了岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計反應(yīng)譜構(gòu)建中關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的確定方法,結(jié)合岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)型式及工作特點,提出了岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)抗震設(shè)計驗算反應(yīng)譜法的實施辦法,進(jìn)而完成了岸橋雙水準(zhǔn)抗震設(shè)防烈度下的反應(yīng)譜分析。對分析結(jié)果的驗證表明,將該反應(yīng)譜法應(yīng)用于岸橋結(jié)構(gòu)抗震驗算具有較高的可行性和可靠性。最后,總括全文,提出了基于岸橋地震動態(tài)行為的抗震設(shè)計分析流程及方法。論文的研究結(jié)論對于較全面和深入理解岸橋地震動態(tài)行為特征以改進(jìn)其抗震性能有一定的指導(dǎo)作用,相關(guān)抗震設(shè)計分析方法為起重機(jī)抗震設(shè)計規(guī)范的修訂以及其它類型起重機(jī)地震動態(tài)響應(yīng)研究提供參考和支持。
[Abstract]:With the development of the international shipping industry, the bank-side container bridge crane (referred to as the shore bridge), which is responsible for the handling of container ships, is moving towards the large scale. due to the high center of gravity of the modern shore bridge structure, the uneven distribution of the lateral rigidity and the special fixed form of the wheel-rail constraint, the structure of the whole machine can greatly shake when the strong earthquake is encountered, so that the derailment of the wheel and the plastic deformation or even damage of the structural members such as the door leg, the cross beam, the front and the rear girder and the like are caused, It can cause the whole machine to collapse and discard when it is serious. Due to the randomness of ground motion, the complexity of the structure type of the shore bridge and the particularity of the wheel-rail constraint, there is no systematic and reliable research conclusion on the dynamic response behavior of the shore bridge in the earthquake and the corresponding anti-seismic design method, and some problems have not yet been touched. Based on the problems and blind spots of the large-scale shore bridge in the seismic dynamic behavior and the seismic design analysis method, this paper, based on the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the seismic dynamic response of the shore bridge and studies the seismic design calculation and analysis method as the target, adopts the theoretical analysis, In this paper, the finite element elastic-plastic model of the shore bridge structure based on the plastic hinge theory is established. The seismic response characteristics and laws of the structure from the elastic response to the plastic yield up to the strength failure are studied using the nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis method. The stress level of the shore bridge, the distribution of each power factor, the maximum deformation of the structure and the stability of the wheel pressure are obtained, and the anti-seismic weak link of the shore bridge structure and the two types of failure collapse modes are analyzed, In this paper, two types of track-jumping behavior patterns of the swing-and-jump-track in the strong-motion of the shore-bridge are put forward, and the influence of the nonlinear and geometric non-linear seismic response of the bridge is also evaluated. The wheel-rail contact friction bearing model suitable for finite element method has been developed, and a numerical simulation study on the occurrence mechanism, response law and the effect on the structure safety of the two types of jump-rail behavior in the strong-motion middle-shore bridge is developed, and the mathematical model of the swing-jump rail is further established. The invention provides a simplified method for the response analysis of a jump rail. The results show that the swing-jump rail can bring the door leg, and the stress of the structure of the cross beam is greatly improved, which tends to cause damage to the structure, and the occurrence of the torsion-jump rail reduces the structural stress level. in that invention, the combined finite element model of the typical high-pile wharf and the shore bridge and the two-degree-of-freedom of the couple vibration of the shore bridge and the wharf are completed and the construction of the mathematical model is simplified, The influence factors of the power coupling characteristics of the shore bridge and the wharf and the dynamic response behavior of the shore bridge structure in the earthquake are obtained by using the contrast analysis strategy of the combined model and the inherent vibration characteristics and the seismic response of the individual. It is found that the response characteristics of the coupled vibration of the shore bridge are mainly influenced by the natural period ratio, the mass ratio, the ground vibration excitation period and the occurrence of the jump rail of the dock. The typical working condition analysis results show that the coupling vibration increases the dynamic coefficient of the shore bridge by about 12% to 13% when compared with the rigid base.4) The results of the seismic simulation vibration table under the similar model of the 1:20 shore bridge structure are used to verify the correctness of the main conclusions of the theory and the simulation analysis. At the same time, the influence factors and the response law of the landing bridge in the strong earthquake are analyzed. The comparison of simulation and test results shows that the relevant modeling techniques and analytical methods developed in this paper can reflect the seismic response characteristics of the shore bridge in a comprehensive and reliable manner. In this paper, the method of determining the key parameters in the construction of the structural design response spectrum of the shore bridge is studied. In the light of the structure type and working characteristics of the shore bridge, the method for calculating the seismic design of the shore bridge structure is proposed, and the response spectrum analysis of the two-level seismic fortification intensity of the shore bridge is completed. The verification of the results of the analysis shows that the application of the response spectrum method to the seismic calculation of the shore bridge structure has high feasibility and reliability. Finally, the paper puts forward the analysis process and method of the seismic design based on the dynamic behavior of the shore bridge. The research conclusion of the paper has a certain guiding role to the comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the dynamic behavior of the shore bridge to improve its anti-seismic performance. The related seismic design analysis method provides reference and support for the revision of the anti-seismic design code of the crane and the study of other types of crane earthquake dynamic response.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U653.921

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本文編號：2490578