發(fā)布時間：2018-05-11 12:14

  本文選題：城市 + 旅游目的地��； 參考：《陜西師范大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：旅游業(yè)已經(jīng)成為世界第一大產(chǎn)業(yè),旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)的社會和經(jīng)濟功能越來越突出。城市作為全球最重要的旅游目的地,具有增加地方收入、帶動相關產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展以及提升城市形象等諸多功能。西安是世界四大古都之一,既是中國旅游熱點城市也是面向國際的傳統(tǒng)旅游目的地城市,在經(jīng)歷了 30多年的旅游發(fā)展后,取得了一系列的成績。在取得成績的同時也面臨著旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷、競爭力弱化等發(fā)展問題,旅游業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級迫在眉睫。在我國旅游發(fā)展的大背景下,分析旅游目的地的成長及其演化,可以豐富旅游目的地發(fā)展理論,為提升和保持其旅游競爭力提供科學依據(jù)。目前的城市旅游研究,較多的集中在旅游競爭力、旅游需求、旅游流空間結(jié)構(gòu)以及旅游城市形象等方面,而對城市旅游目的地成長及其戰(zhàn)略地圖的研究比較欠缺。旅游目的地的成長及演化,外在表現(xiàn)是旅游人次和旅游收入的變化,但實際上是其內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)變化的綜合反映。本文從實踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)科學問題,按照發(fā)現(xiàn)問題——規(guī)律總結(jié)——模式探討——理論提升的技術(shù)路線,運用本底趨勢線理論、旅游生命周期理論、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟學理論、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)理論、戰(zhàn)略地圖理論,對西安市的旅游發(fā)展和旅游結(jié)構(gòu)演化進行了探索。利用旅游地發(fā)展理論研究城市旅游目的地的成長軌跡,構(gòu)建資源導向型城市旅游目的地的成長模式,探討目的地空間結(jié)構(gòu)演化、消費結(jié)構(gòu)演化及其和目的地成長軌跡的互動關系,在此基礎上利用戰(zhàn)略地圖理論和方法,構(gòu)建西安旅游目的地發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略地圖,并提出基于成長分析的戰(zhàn)略路徑選擇。通過對西安市旅游目的地旅游成長軌跡及其演化等方面的研究,本研究的主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)西安作為資源導向型城市旅游目的地成長經(jīng)歷了資源競爭、產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭、目的地競爭和創(chuàng)新競爭四個階段,其目的地旅游成長和全國旅游成長相比較具有一致性。西安入境旅游規(guī)模和旅游收入的發(fā)展歷程為扇貝型成長模式,即成長-穩(wěn)定-再成長,其中,1978-1994年為第一成長周期,1995-2005年為第二周期,2006-2014年為第三周期,整體上來看,呈現(xiàn)出3個扇貝型S曲線增長。西安入境旅游收入的發(fā)展歷程為扇貝型成長模式,但其周期與入境旅游規(guī)模的發(fā)展歷程不同,其中,第一周期為1978-1993年,第二周期為1994-2004年,第三周期為2005-2013年。從與全國的對比來看,入境旅游人數(shù)與收入均受特殊事件影響較大,驗證了入境旅游發(fā)展具有較強的脆弱性,其中,1998年洪水事件年份影響相對較小,而“89”風波、2003年非典疫情與2008年汶川地震對入境旅游的影響較大。國內(nèi)旅游發(fā)展受特殊事件年份的影響相對較小,除2003年非典疫情年份外,1998年洪水與2008年汶川地震等年份對西安旅游人次與收入的影響均較小。(2)西安市旅游空間結(jié)構(gòu)的演化模式即由增長極模式——點-軸模式——核心-邊緣模式——城市旅游目的地模式的過程�？臻g結(jié)構(gòu)演化和成長具有非常密切互動關系。成長曲線和目的地空間結(jié)構(gòu)演化的耦合關系呈現(xiàn)出明顯的階段性,從高度一致轉(zhuǎn)為差異始現(xiàn),最終演變?yōu)椴罹嗌醮�。西安市空間結(jié)構(gòu)演化和目的地成長存在一對應的關系:當西安市空間結(jié)構(gòu)處于增長極成長階段時,目的地以景區(qū)發(fā)展為主;當西安市空間結(jié)構(gòu)處于點—軸線路增長階段時,目的地以線路發(fā)展為主;當西安市空間結(jié)構(gòu)處于核心-邊緣成長時,目的地以集聚區(qū)發(fā)展為主。(3)旅游目的地的成長與入境客流量具有強烈的一致性,并與入境客源國的數(shù)量呈現(xiàn)正相關關系,主要客源國(地)占比和目的地成長軌跡具有明顯的負相關。西安客源國(地)越來越分散,主要客源國(地)對旅游人次和旅游收入的人貢獻比例不斷降低,西安旅游也逐步走入了穩(wěn)定階段。西安入境客源市場增長較為穩(wěn)定,但總體結(jié)構(gòu)存在缺陷,外國人細分市場的市場機會指數(shù)為0.18,說明西安在此類市場的大規(guī)模開拓潛力已得到一定程度的挖掘,應當加以有效鞏固;而港澳臺細分市場的機會指數(shù)為6.79,表明西安旅游產(chǎn)品在此細分市場的銷售地位遠遠不及中國整體旅游產(chǎn)品的地位,發(fā)展?jié)摿�巨大�?4)旅游目的地的成長與國內(nèi)客流量具有強烈的一致性,并與國內(nèi)過夜游客數(shù)量及陜西本省游客數(shù)量以及主要客源市場和一、二、三級客源市場呈現(xiàn)正相關關系。西安國內(nèi)旅游客源的地理集中指數(shù)基本呈現(xiàn)增長的態(tài)勢,市場的空間分布趨向集中。國內(nèi)客源以陜西省及周邊的河南省、山西省、四川省等為主,說明西安憑借其資源、區(qū)位等優(yōu)勢成為本地及周邊省份的優(yōu)選旅游目的地。(5)旅游目的地的成長同樣與入境客流量具有強烈的一致性,旅游目的地的成長與其入境旅游非基本消費呈現(xiàn)正相關關系。旅游目的地的成長同樣與國內(nèi)消費具有強烈的一致性,旅游目的地的成長與其國內(nèi)旅游基本消費呈現(xiàn)正相關關系。入境旅游在長途交通、購物和住宿等方面增幅較大,而在購物、住宿費用的增長速率明顯偏低。入境旅游消費構(gòu)成中,長途交通、購物和住宿所占比例最高,娛樂、餐飲的比例變化幅度盡管相對較大,但其所占份額較低,游覽和郵電通訊所占比例相對固定,且年際變化不大,西安入境旅游非基本消費所占比例和消費指數(shù)波動較大,下降趨勢不顯著。西安國內(nèi)旅游的消費增速變化幅度較大的是長途交通、游覽、購物、娛樂等,購物所占比重呈下降趨勢,餐飲、市內(nèi)交通和住宿的費用比例則相對比較平穩(wěn)。本文的創(chuàng)新之處主要在于:第一,總結(jié)了資源導向型的旅游城市的成長軌跡,提煉了其成長模式,一般要經(jīng)歷資源競爭階段、產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭競爭、目的地競爭階段和創(chuàng)新競爭階段。第二,揭示了資源導向型旅游城市旅游空間結(jié)構(gòu)演化過程,提出了其空間演化模式,一般經(jīng)歷增長極模式——點-軸模式——核心-邊緣模式——旅游目的地模式�？臻g結(jié)構(gòu)和目的地成長具有很好的耦合關系。第三,提出了旅游消費結(jié)構(gòu)和旅游目的地成長之間具有顯著的互動關系;隨著旅游目的地的發(fā)展成熟,主要客源地(國)在旅游目的地游客接待中的份額逐步降低。
[Abstract]:Tourism has become the largest industry in the world, and the social and economic functions of the tourism industry are becoming more and more prominent. As the most important tourist destination in the world, the city has many functions, such as increasing local income, promoting the development of related industries and promoting the image of the city. Xi'an is one of the four largest ancient capital in the world and is not only a hot tourist city in China but also a hot tourist city in China It is a traditional tourist destination city facing the world. After more than 30 years of tourism development, a series of achievements have been achieved. At the same time, the development of tourism industry structure is also faced with the defects of tourism industry structure and weak competitiveness. The transformation and upgrading of tourism industry is imminent. In the background of China's tourism development, the purpose of the analysis of tourism aims is to analyze the purpose of tourism. The growth and evolution of the land can enrich the theory of tourism destination development and provide a scientific basis for the promotion and maintenance of its tourism competitiveness. The current research on urban tourism focuses on tourism competitiveness, tourism demand, the spatial structure of tourism flow and the image of tourist cities, and the development of urban tourism destination and its strategic place. The development and evolution of tourist destinations, the external performance is the change of tourist arrivals and tourism income, but in fact it is a comprehensive reflection of the internal structure changes. The base trend line theory, the tourism life cycle theory, the regional economics theory, the industrial structure theory, the strategic map theory, have explored the tourism development and the evolution of the tourism structure in Xi'an. To discuss the evolution of the spatial structure, the evolution of the consumption structure and the interactive relationship between the destination and the destination, the strategic map of the tourism destination development in Xi'an is built on the basis of the strategic map theory and method, and the strategic path selection based on the growth analysis is put forward. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) as a resource oriented city tourism destination, Xi'an has experienced four stages of resource competition, industrial competition, destination competition and innovation competition. Its destination tourism growth is consistent with national tourism. The scale and travel of Xi'an inbound tourism The development of tourism income is the scallop type growth model, that is, growth stability and regrowth, in which the 1978-1994 year is the first growth cycle, the 1995-2005 year is second cycle, and the 2006-2014 year is third cycles. On the whole, there are 3 scallop S curve growth. The development course of Xi'an inbound travel revenue is the scallop type growth model, but its week The period is different from that of inbound tourism. The first cycle is 1978-1993 years, the second cycle is 1994-2004 years and the third cycle is 2005-2013 years. From the comparison with the whole country, the number of inbound tourism and income are greatly influenced by the special events, which verifies the strong vulnerability of the inbound travel development, in which the flood incident in 1998 is the case. The impact of the year is relatively small, while the "89" wind wave, the 2003 SARS epidemic and the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 have great influence on the inbound tourism. The development of the domestic tourism is relatively small, except for the year of the SARS epidemic in 2003, and the influence of the 1998 flood and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on the tourist arrivals and income of Xi'an. (2) the evolution model of tourism space structure in Xi'an city is the process of the growth pole model - the point axis model - the core fringe pattern - the urban tourism destination model. The spatial structure evolution and growth have a very close interaction relationship. The coupling relationship between the growth curve and the spatial structure and evolution of the destination shows a clear stage. There is a corresponding relationship between the evolution of the spatial structure and the growth of the destination in Xi'an. When the spatial structure of Xi'an is in the stage of growing growth, the destination is mainly in the development of scenic spots; when the spatial structure of Xi'an is in the stage of the point axis line growth, the destination is in line with the line. The main way is road development. When the spatial structure of Xi'an is at the core edge growth, the destination is dominated by the agglomeration area. (3) the growth of the tourist destination has a strong consistency with the inbound passenger flow, and has a positive correlation with the number of inbound passenger countries, and the major passenger source country (land) occupation ratio and the destination growth trajectory have a significant negative correlation. The Xi'an tourist source country (land) is more and more dispersed, the contribution ratio of the main tourist source countries to the tourists and the tourist income is decreasing, and the Xi'an tourism has gradually entered the stable stage. The growth of the entry passenger market in Xi'an is more stable, but the overall structure is defective, and the market opportunity index of the subdivided market of the foreign people is 0.18, indicating that Xi'an is in Xi'an The large-scale exploitation potential of this kind of market has been excavated to a certain extent and should be effectively consolidated; the opportunity index of the subdivision market of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan is 6.79, indicating that the sales position of Xi'an tourism products in this subdivision market is far less than the status of China's overall tourism products, and the potential of development is huge. (4) the growth of tourist destinations and the domestic market The passenger flow has a strong consistency, and it has a positive correlation with the number of tourists in the country and the number of tourists in Shaanxi Province, the main passenger source market and the first, two, three level passenger market. The geographical concentration index of the domestic tourist sources in Xi'an is basically growing, the spatial distribution of the market tends to be concentrated. The domestic tourist source is in Shaanxi province. And the surrounding Henan Province, Shanxi Province, Sichuan province and so on, indicating that Xi'an has become the preferred destination for local and surrounding provinces by virtue of its resources, location and other advantages. (5) the growth of tourist destinations also has a strong consistency with the inbound passenger flow, and the growth of tourist destinations is positively related to the non basic consumption of inbound tourism. The growth of tourist destinations also has a strong consistency with domestic consumption. The growth of tourist destinations has a positive correlation with the basic consumption of domestic tourism. Inbound tourism has a large increase in long distance transportation, shopping and accommodation, while in shopping, the growth rate of accommodation costs is obviously low. Transportation, shopping and accommodation accounted for the highest proportion, while the proportion of entertainment and catering was relatively large, but its share was low, the proportion of sightseeing and post and telecommunications was relatively fixed, and the interannual change was small. The proportion of non basic consumption and the dissipation index of Xi'an inbound tourism were relatively large, and the decline trend was not significant. The decline trend was not significant in Xi'an. The consumption rate of tourism is greatly changed by long distance transportation, sightseeing, shopping, entertainment and so on. The proportion of shopping is declining. The proportion of food and beverage, city transportation and accommodation is relatively stable. The innovation of this paper is mainly as follows: first, the growth trajectory of resource oriented tourism city is summarized, and its growth model is extracted. In general, we have to experience the stage of resource competition, industrial competition and competition, the stage of destination competition and the stage of innovation and competition. Second, it reveals the evolution process of the spatial structure of resource oriented tourism urban tourism, and puts forward its spatial evolution model, which generally experiences the growth pole pattern, the point axis model, the core fringe pattern the tourist destination. Model. There is a good coupling relationship between spatial structure and destination growth. Third, it is suggested that there is a significant interaction between tourism consumption structure and tourism destination growth. With the development of tourism destination, the share of tourist destination in tourist destination is gradually reduced.

【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F592.7
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本文編號：1873898