發(fā)布時間：2018-01-05 22:00

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：珠江三角洲地區(qū)性癌癥生態(tài)地球化學(xué)研究　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 地區(qū)性癌癥 珠江三角洲 廣西扶綏 N-亞硝胺 地球化學(xué)致癌因子

【摘要】：醫(yī)學(xué)界認(rèn)為,目前全球性癌癥高發(fā),80-90%與環(huán)境及職業(yè)接觸有關(guān)。國際癌癥研究機構(gòu)IARC指出“癌癥發(fā)病和死亡率的地域性特征明顯”。因此研究環(huán)境因素與癌癥之間的關(guān)系對防治癌癥有重大的意義。本文選取珠江三角洲地區(qū)肝癌和鼻咽癌發(fā)病率較高的區(qū)域作為研究區(qū),本區(qū)域多年來環(huán)境因素的對癌癥的影響作用頗受關(guān)注。本文在1:5萬土壤生態(tài)地球化學(xué)詳查的基礎(chǔ)上,分別從土壤中重金屬異常、環(huán)境水與飲用水中氨氮特征、亞硝胺的含量等方面分析了研究區(qū)內(nèi)地球化學(xué)致癌因子的人為源和自然源,以及地球化學(xué)致癌因子行為的影響因素,最后通過與研究區(qū)內(nèi)癌癥發(fā)病率分布情況相結(jié)合,追蹤研究區(qū)癌癥高發(fā)的主要地球化學(xué)致癌因子。論文取得以下主要成果:1)首次在順德、四會、中山、佛山等珠江三角洲地區(qū)癌癥高發(fā)區(qū)的環(huán)境水和飲水中發(fā)現(xiàn)普遍存在的直接致癌物質(zhì)N-亞硝胺化合物。順德測區(qū)水體中亞硝胺的含量最高。15件水樣中總N-亞硝胺化合物平均含量為62.9ng/L;其中亞硝基二甲胺(NDMA)平均含量為35.1ng/L,超過國際參考飲水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(10ng/L)3.5倍。2)NDMA為珠三角地區(qū)水體中普遍存在的且含量較高的亞硝胺化合物。其在自來水中含量水平較穩(wěn)定為22~30ng/L,認(rèn)為與生產(chǎn)過程加入的含氯消毒劑有關(guān)。在自然水體中含量水平差異較大,范圍為2.1~114.0ng/L。3)順德測區(qū)地下高銨-胺涌水與人為污染疊加,致N-亞硝胺化合物含量最高,中山、佛山情況類似,顯示高銨-污染型亞硝胺組合特征;四會測區(qū)工業(yè)發(fā)展程度相對較低,亞硝胺組合顯示為地下水原生型亞硝胺組合特征。4)廣西扶綏與珠江三角洲比較,有相似的亞硝胺形成自然條件,但是水體總體污染程度較輕,N-亞硝胺化合物含量較低,其組合接近于地下水原生型亞硝胺組合。5)順德地區(qū)土壤中重金屬元素呈強異常富集,形成三個強異常富集區(qū),其富集受到人為污染源和自然源共同影響;其他測區(qū)土壤中重金屬也有不同程度的富集異常。6)研究區(qū)內(nèi)重金屬元素在水土系統(tǒng)中的異常與癌癥空間分布沒有明顯關(guān)聯(lián);高銨地下水中NH4+、NO2-、NO3-濃度高,為N-亞硝胺的前體物,造成環(huán)境及飲用水中直接致癌物質(zhì)N-亞硝胺化合物的高含量,被認(rèn)為是研究區(qū)內(nèi)癌癥高發(fā)的主要地球化學(xué)致癌因子。
[Abstract]:The medical profession believes that the current global high incidence of cancer, 80-90% exposure and the environment and occupation. The international agency for research on cancer IARC pointed out that "regional characteristics of cancer incidence and mortality significantly. Therefore research on the relationship between environmental factors and cancer is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of cancer. This paper selects the Pearl River Delta region and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in nasopharyngeal carcinoma high as the study area, the effect on cancer effect the region for many years the environmental factors of popular attention. Based on the 1:5 000 Soil Eco geochemical survey, respectively, from the soil heavy metal anomaly, environmental water and drinking water ammonia characteristics, analyzed the anthropogenic and natural sources in the area of earth chemical carcinogenesis the factor of nitrosamine content, and the influence of the earth chemical carcinogen behavior factors, the incidence of cancer in the study area and distribution With the main geochemical tracing on the area of high incidence of cancer carcinogen. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) for the first time in Shunde, Sihui, Zhongshan, Foshan and other areas in the Pearl River Delta region cancer environment and drinking water found in the direct carcinogenic N- nitrosamine compounds widely exist. The average content of the highest content of.15 water measurement in Shunde water nitrosamines in total N- nitrosamine is 62.9ng/L; the nitroso two methylamine (NDMA) the average content of 35.1ng/L, exceeding the international hygienic standard reference water (10ng/L).2 NDMA) 3.5 times for widespread water in the Pearl River Delta region and the high content of nitrosamine compounds. In the tap water level is stable for 22~30ng/L, associated with chlorine disinfectant production process. The content of adding level differences in natural water, the range of 2.1~114.0ng/L.3) measurement in Shunde underground High ammonium amine inflow and anthropogenic pollution caused by N- overlay, nitrosamine content was the highest in Zhongshan, like the Foshan show amine combination features high ammonium nitrite pollution - type test; Sihui District industrial development level is relatively low, nitrosamine combination showed groundwater native nitrosamines were characteristic of.4) compared with the Pearl River Delta of Guangxi Fusui, a natural condition for the formation of nitrosamines is similar, but the general water pollution to a lesser extent, N- nitrosamine content is low, the combination is close to the original groundwater nitrosamines combination.5) heavy metal elements in soil in Shunde region showed strong enrichment, the formation of three strong the enrichment zone, the enrichment is influenced by anthropogenic sources and natural sources; other area of heavy metals in soil have different degrees of abnormal enrichment of.6) in the research area of heavy metals in soil system abnormalities and cancer have no obvious spatial distribution Correlation; NH4+, NO2- and NO3- concentrations in high ammonium groundwater are high, and N- nitrosamines are precursors, resulting in high content of N- nitrosamines in environment and drinking water. They are considered as the main geochemical carcinogens in the study area.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R730.2;X142

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