發(fā)布時間：2018-04-02 01:01

  本文選題：國情教育　切入點：科學課程　出處：《山東師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：國情是一個國家在某一特定時期內(nèi)真實存在的客觀實際情況。國情涉及多方面內(nèi)容,是對國家經(jīng)濟、社會的發(fā)展起最根本、最重要的因素。2001年5月,國務院出臺并公布了《關于基礎教育改革與發(fā)展的決定》提出——在當今社會不斷發(fā)展變革的時期,要重視科技發(fā)展,把學生的不同發(fā)展特點和認知規(guī)律相結合,進行中小學課程優(yōu)化。2001年7月,教育部出臺《基礎教育課程改革綱要》,明確要求改變現(xiàn)在教學中科目數(shù)量多、學科之間的獨立性較強,缺乏課程之間整合的現(xiàn)狀。要在整體上進行把握,設置學生學習的課程門類及課時數(shù)量,以實現(xiàn)對不同學生發(fā)展的重要指導,體現(xiàn)課程結構的合理性。在此基礎上,新的科學課程標準指出,科學應體現(xiàn)基礎性和發(fā)展性,要適應學生個性發(fā)展。小學科學課程在學習科學文化知識、理解科學的思想、運用科學的方法等方面培養(yǎng)學生科學的精神。因此,對科學教師的各項基本素質(zhì)提出了更高要求。經(jīng)過教師的不懈努力,目前,小學階段的科學教育日新月異。國情是動態(tài)的,蘊含著發(fā)展,在發(fā)展中進步。國情是指一個國家基本情況,國家根據(jù)自己的國情來制定政策、方針,推行各項建設。中國國情指的是中國現(xiàn)階段的真實情況:當前,我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速,國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已躍居世界第二位,產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整也已初見成效,但由于人口眾多,人均耕地少,自然資源條件較差,人民的生活差異還是比較大的。國家的生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平還不盡人意,經(jīng)濟增長的主要方式還不合理,粗放型的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式導致國家資源的不合理利用。國家的養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療等社會保障方面還存在著很多問題�，F(xiàn)階段,小學科學教師在授課過程中,還沒有改變應試教育模式,往往重視的是單純知識的傳授,對問題的定義、原理是不是理解了,不去重視。還有教師認為,只要能把答案記住,考試中得到滿意的結果就可以了,沒能很好地把在科學課程與課程改革中培養(yǎng)學生核心素養(yǎng)的初衷聯(lián)系起來,忽略了在科學教學中對學生滲透我國國情的教育,沒有培養(yǎng)他們懂國、愛國、報國的崇高理想。針對這一現(xiàn)象,本文立足于小學科學課程教學,通過對國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀進行分析,分析發(fā)現(xiàn):發(fā)達國家在小學科學教育中進行國情的滲透,在理論和實踐方面都走在了世界的前列,全社會所有的人都要貢獻自己的資源,對教育事業(yè)做出自己的貢獻。他們非常重視在教學中對學生核心素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)。在科學教育的過程中強化培養(yǎng)學生的思維方式,能夠很好的和自己國家的國情結合起來,重視學生個性發(fā)展,培養(yǎng)他們的動手能力,在實驗中加強小組的合作學習、溝通與交流。在課程的教學過程中注重對學生潛力的發(fā)展。把對科學教育的重視程度上升到一個新的高度,培養(yǎng)學生的終身成長,提高學生的科學素養(yǎng),能夠培養(yǎng)他們主動適應社會的能力,要求學生主動的把科學知識與生活中的實際現(xiàn)象進行分析、總結,培養(yǎng)他們熱愛祖國的思想品質(zhì)。國內(nèi)專家通過對教師、學生調(diào)查走訪,獲得詳細的數(shù)據(jù),進行分析,為我國科學課程的發(fā)展提供了理論支撐。這些研究理論為我國小學科學教育中存在問題的解決提供了堅實理論支撐并進行了實踐的指導。本文通過根據(jù)學生不同特點,制訂不同國情目標、加強教師能力培養(yǎng)、課內(nèi)教學、課外教學、課內(nèi)與課外相結合的方式對小學科學國情教育進行研究,希望能夠對小學科學課程中進行國情教育有所幫助。
[Abstract]:The situation is the objective reality of a country exists in a specific period of time. The situation involves many aspects, is on the national economy, social development is the most fundamental, the most important factor of.2001 in May, the State Council promulgated and published the < > decision on basic education reform and development put forward in today's society the development period of change, should pay attention to the development of science and technology, the different development characteristics and cognitive law of students combined with the optimized.2001 July curriculum in primary and secondary schools, the Ministry of Education issued the "outline of basic education curriculum reform", clear requirements change now in the teaching of subjects number between disciplines independently of the integration of the current situation the lack of curriculum. To grasp on the whole, set up courses and class of students number, in order to achieve important guidance to different students' development, embodies the rationality of curriculum construction. On this basis, it points out that the new science curriculum standards should reflect the scientific foundation and development, to adapt to the development of students' personality. Primary school science curriculum in the learning scientific and cultural knowledge, understand the scientific thoughts, scientific spirit cultivation of students with scientific methods and so on. Therefore, put forward higher requirements for the basic quality of science teachers. Teachers through unremitting efforts, at present, science education in primary school. The situation is dynamic change rapidly, it contains the development, progress in the development of the situation. Refers to the basic situation of a country, national policies, according to their own national conditions, policy, implementation of various construction conditions. Chinese refers to the real situation of China at the present stage: at present, China's rapid economic development, China's GDP has ranked second in the world, industrial restructuring has been achieved, but due to the large population, the per capita arable land, natural resources Poor people's life, the difference is quite large. The national productivity level is still unsatisfactory, the main way of economic growth is not reasonable, the extensive mode of economic development leads to the unreasonable use of national resources. The state pension, medical and other social security still exist many problems. At this stage, a science teacher in primary school in the teaching process, also did not change the exam oriented education, often pay attention to the simple knowledge, the definition of the problem, the principle is not to understand, not to pay attention to. And teachers believe that as long as you can remember the answer, obtain satisfactory results in the examination can be, no good to students the original intention of the core link in scientific literacy curriculum and curriculum reform, neglecting the infiltration situation of our country for the students in the teaching of science and education, no training they understand China, patriotism, lofty ideal newspaper in China. In view of this phenomenon, this paper is based on the primary school science curriculum teaching, analysis of the current status of domestic and international analysis shows that the infiltration situation in primary school science education in developed countries, at the forefront of the world in the aspects of theory and practice, the whole society and all the people to contribute their own resources, to make their own contribution to the cause of education. They attach great importance to cultivate students' core competence in teaching. Strengthening the cultivation of students' way of thinking in the process of science education, can be very good and their national conditions together, pay attention to the personality development of students, cultivate their ability, strengthen the cooperative learning group in the experiment, communication pay attention to the development of students and exchange. The potential in the course of the teaching process. The importance of science education rose to a new level, cultivate students' growth, improve the students The scientific literacy initiative to cultivate their ability to adapt to the society requires students to actively send the actual phenomenon of scientific knowledge and life in the analysis, summary, cultivate their love of the motherland. Domestic experts through the ideological quality of teachers, students investigation, analysis obtained detailed data, and provides the theoretical support for the development of the science curriculum in China. Provides a solid theoretical support for these theoretical research to solve the problems of primary school science education in China and the practice guidance. This paper according to the different characteristics of students, develop different national conditions, strengthen the training of the teachers, classroom teaching, extracurricular teaching, classroom teaching and extracurricular combination the way to study the primary school science education and science curriculum in primary school and hope to be able to conduct national education help.

【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G623.6

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本文編號：1698065