發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-16 12:25

  本文選題：觀點(diǎn)采擇 + 他人中心效應(yīng)��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：觀點(diǎn)采擇(perspective taking)通常指“從他人眼中看世界”。前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn)被試在觀點(diǎn)采擇任務(wù)中會(huì)表現(xiàn)出顯著的自我中心效應(yīng),即被試自己的觀點(diǎn)會(huì)影響其對(duì)他人的觀點(diǎn)的判斷。近期的研究指出,被試自己的觀點(diǎn)也會(huì)受他人觀點(diǎn)的影響,表現(xiàn)出他人中心效應(yīng)。他人中心效應(yīng)說明被試自動(dòng)采擇了他人的觀點(diǎn),這有助于人們快速推斷他人所獲的信息,從而順利完成一些簡(jiǎn)單的社會(huì)交互活動(dòng),或者進(jìn)一步利用這些信息,推斷他人的內(nèi)在狀態(tài)以完成更復(fù)雜的社會(huì)認(rèn)知任務(wù),反映了人類的認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)對(duì)社會(huì)性生活的高度適應(yīng)。以往有關(guān)自動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)采擇效應(yīng)的研究都局限于觀點(diǎn)采擇對(duì)象可見的場(chǎng)景,此時(shí)自動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)采擇過程可以參照他人的視覺形象得以完成。然而在日常生活中,由于暫時(shí)的遮擋和眼跳等因素的影響,人們進(jìn)行觀點(diǎn)采擇的對(duì)象可能是不可見的,而他們的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)于完成社會(huì)交互同樣重要。由于目前尚無涉及上述場(chǎng)景的研究,本研究針對(duì)觀點(diǎn)采擇對(duì)象不可見的場(chǎng)景,檢測(cè)自動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)采擇效應(yīng)是否仍然存在,并籍此探討其心理機(jī)制。筆者以三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)探討了不同場(chǎng)景條件下的自動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)采擇效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置了可視條件和遮擋條件,前者的人物一直是可見的,而后者的人物因遮擋而不可見。通過比較這兩種條件下他人觀點(diǎn)對(duì)被試判斷反應(yīng)的影響,檢測(cè)人物不可見時(shí)被試是否自動(dòng)采擇其觀點(diǎn)。作為遮擋條件的對(duì)照,實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置了離開條件,即人物中途離開實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)景。實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得以下主要結(jié)果:(1)在可視和遮擋條件下,被試采擇自身觀點(diǎn)時(shí)都出現(xiàn)了他人中心效應(yīng),表明被試自動(dòng)采擇了那些暫時(shí)不可見人物的觀點(diǎn);(2)離開條件下被試采擇自身觀點(diǎn)時(shí)也出現(xiàn)了他人中心效應(yīng),說明被試會(huì)自動(dòng)采擇那些中途離開人物的觀點(diǎn);(3)在人物突然消失(而非以連續(xù)動(dòng)作離開)時(shí),未檢測(cè)到他人中心效應(yīng),說明場(chǎng)景的時(shí)空一致性是人物離開條件下發(fā)生自動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)采擇效應(yīng)的必要條件。上述結(jié)果表明,人們能夠自動(dòng)采擇暫時(shí)不可見人物的觀點(diǎn),而場(chǎng)景的時(shí)空一致性是決定自動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)采擇的關(guān)鍵因素。
[Abstract]:Perspective taking usually refers to "looking at the world in the eyes of others." Previous studies have found that subjects will show a significant self-centered effect in the task of taking opinions, that is, their own views will affect their judgment of the views of others. Recent studies have shown that subjects' own views are also influenced by others' views, showing a central effect. The other-centered effect shows that the subjects automatically took the views of others, which helps people quickly infer the information that others get, so that they can successfully complete some simple social interactions, or make further use of that information. Inferring the inner state of others to accomplish more complex social cognitive tasks reflects the high adaptability of human cognitive system to social life. In the past, the research on the effect of automatic viewpoint selection is limited to the visible scene of the object of view selection, at this time, the process of automatic view selection can be completed by referring to the visual image of others. However, in daily life, due to the influence of temporary occlusion and eye movement, the object of people taking a point of view may not be visible, and their views are equally important for the completion of social interaction. Since there is no research on the above scenarios, this study detects whether the automatic viewpoint selection effect still exists in the invisible scenarios, and then probes into its psychological mechanism. In this paper, three experimental systems are used to study the effect of automatic viewpoint selection under different scene conditions. Visual conditions and occlusion conditions are set. The characters of the former are always visible, while the characters of the latter are invisible. By comparing the influence of other people's views on the judgment reaction of the subjects under these two conditions, the subjects were examined whether or not to take their views automatically when the characters were invisible. As the contrast of occlusion condition, the experiment set the leaving condition, that is, the character left the experiment scene halfway. The main results of the experiment were as follows: (1) under both visual and occlusion conditions, the participants took their own views with a central effect of others. The results showed that the subjects automatically took the views of those temporarily invisible characters. (2) when the subjects took their own opinions under the condition of leaving, there was also a central effect of others. The results showed that the subjects would automatically take the idea of those who left the characters in the middle of the day. (3) when the characters suddenly disappeared (instead of leaving in a continuous motion), they did not detect the other-centered effect. It shows that temporal and spatial consistency of scene is a necessary condition for automatic viewpoint taking effect under the condition of character leaving. The above results show that people can automatically take the viewpoint of temporarily invisible characters, and the temporal and spatial consistency of scene is the key factor to determine the automatic viewpoint selection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B848

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